National Movement, Independence & Post-Independence India
Q1. The Indian National Congress was founded in:
(1) 1885
(2) 1884
(3) 1888
(4) 1890
Correct Answer: (1) 1885
Explanation:
The INC was founded in December 1885 at Bombay, aiming to provide a national platform for political discourse and constitutional reforms.
Q2. Who presided over the first session of the Indian National Congress?
(1) A.O. Hume
(2) W.C. Banerjee
(3) Surendranath Banerjee
(4) Dadabhai Naoroji
Correct Answer: (2) W.C. Banerjee
Explanation:
Womesh Chandra Banerjee presided over the first session held at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College, Bombay.
Q3. The Swadeshi movement began as a reaction to:
(1) Rowlatt Act
(2) Partition of Bengal
(3) Jallianwala Bagh massacre
(4) Simon Commission
Correct Answer: (2) Partition of Bengal
Explanation:
Partition was announced in 1905 by Lord Curzon, leading to mass protests, boycott of foreign goods and national awakening.
Q4. The political goal of attaining Purna Swaraj was declared at which Congress session?
(1) Surat, 1907
(2) Lahore, 1929
(3) Calcutta, 1928
(4) Lucknow, 1916
Correct Answer: (2) Lahore, 1929
Explanation:
Under Jawaharlal Nehru, the Lahore Congress passed the resolution for complete independence and observed 26 January 1930 as Independence Day.
Q5. The slogan “Do or Die” was given during:
(1) Civil Disobedience Movement
(2) Quit India Movement
(3) Non-Cooperation Movement
(4) Home Rule Movement
Correct Answer: (2) Quit India Movement
Explanation:
Mahatma Gandhi gave the call in 1942 demanding the immediate end of British rule.
Q6. Which Committee recommended ‘Basic Education’ or Nai Talim?
(1) Hunter Committee
(2) Wood’s Despatch
(3) Zakir Hussain Committee
(4) Kothari Commission
Correct Answer: (3) Zakir Hussain Committee
Explanation:
It developed the blueprint of work-centred education favoured by Gandhi.
Q7. The Cabinet Mission came to India in:
(1) 1942
(2) 1946
(3) 1945
(4) 1947
Correct Answer: (2) 1946
Explanation:
The mission proposed a united India with a federal structure and grouped provinces, but disagreement led to partition.
Q8. The Indian Constitution was adopted on:
(1) 15 August 1947
(2) 26 November 1949
(3) 26 January 1950
(4) 2 October 1950
Correct Answer: (2) 26 November 1949
Explanation:
While enforced on 26 January 1950, it was adopted earlier by the Constituent Assembly.
Q9. The first five-year plan in India mainly emphasized:
(1) Heavy industries
(2) Agriculture and irrigation
(3) Transport and communication
(4) Privatization
Correct Answer: (2) Agriculture and irrigation
Explanation:
Based on Harrod-Domar model, it focused on food production and dams like Bhakra-Nangal after partition crisis.
Q10. The linguistic reorganization of states in India began with the creation of:
(1) Andhra Pradesh
(2) Gujarat
(3) Maharashtra
(4) Kerala
Correct Answer: (1) Andhra Pradesh
Explanation:
Formed in 1953 after Potti Sriramulu’s hunger strike, it initiated large-scale linguistic reorganization.
UNIT 10 RECAP
Key themes of the unit:
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National movement phases & leadership
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Ideologies: Moderates, Extremists, Gandhian movements
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Communalism, nationalism, constitutional reforms
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Freedom, Partition, Constituent Assembly
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Independent India: political consolidation, planning, economy, reorganization of states