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Tag: expected questions UGC NET History

  • UGC NET History Unit-10 Expected Questions

    National Movement, Independence & Post-Independence India

    Q1. The Indian National Congress was founded in:

    (1) 1885
    (2) 1884
    (3) 1888
    (4) 1890

    Correct Answer: (1) 1885
    Explanation:
    The INC was founded in December 1885 at Bombay, aiming to provide a national platform for political discourse and constitutional reforms.

    Q2. Who presided over the first session of the Indian National Congress?

    (1) A.O. Hume
    (2) W.C. Banerjee
    (3) Surendranath Banerjee
    (4) Dadabhai Naoroji

    Correct Answer: (2) W.C. Banerjee
    Explanation:
    Womesh Chandra Banerjee presided over the first session held at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College, Bombay.

    Q3. The Swadeshi movement began as a reaction to:

    (1) Rowlatt Act
    (2) Partition of Bengal
    (3) Jallianwala Bagh massacre
    (4) Simon Commission

    Correct Answer: (2) Partition of Bengal
    Explanation:
    Partition was announced in 1905 by Lord Curzon, leading to mass protests, boycott of foreign goods and national awakening.

    Q4. The political goal of attaining Purna Swaraj was declared at which Congress session?

    (1) Surat, 1907
    (2) Lahore, 1929
    (3) Calcutta, 1928
    (4) Lucknow, 1916

    Correct Answer: (2) Lahore, 1929
    Explanation:
    Under Jawaharlal Nehru, the Lahore Congress passed the resolution for complete independence and observed 26 January 1930 as Independence Day.

    Q5. The slogan “Do or Die” was given during:

    (1) Civil Disobedience Movement
    (2) Quit India Movement
    (3) Non-Cooperation Movement
    (4) Home Rule Movement

    Correct Answer: (2) Quit India Movement
    Explanation:
    Mahatma Gandhi gave the call in 1942 demanding the immediate end of British rule.

    Q6. Which Committee recommended ‘Basic Education’ or Nai Talim?

    (1) Hunter Committee
    (2) Wood’s Despatch
    (3) Zakir Hussain Committee
    (4) Kothari Commission

    Correct Answer: (3) Zakir Hussain Committee
    Explanation:
    It developed the blueprint of work-centred education favoured by Gandhi.

    Q7. The Cabinet Mission came to India in:

    (1) 1942
    (2) 1946
    (3) 1945
    (4) 1947

    Correct Answer: (2) 1946
    Explanation:
    The mission proposed a united India with a federal structure and grouped provinces, but disagreement led to partition.

    Q8. The Indian Constitution was adopted on:

    (1) 15 August 1947
    (2) 26 November 1949
    (3) 26 January 1950
    (4) 2 October 1950

    Correct Answer: (2) 26 November 1949
    Explanation:
    While enforced on 26 January 1950, it was adopted earlier by the Constituent Assembly.

    Q9. The first five-year plan in India mainly emphasized:

    (1) Heavy industries
    (2) Agriculture and irrigation
    (3) Transport and communication
    (4) Privatization

    Correct Answer: (2) Agriculture and irrigation
    Explanation:
    Based on Harrod-Domar model, it focused on food production and dams like Bhakra-Nangal after partition crisis.

    Q10. The linguistic reorganization of states in India began with the creation of:

    (1) Andhra Pradesh
    (2) Gujarat
    (3) Maharashtra
    (4) Kerala

    Correct Answer: (1) Andhra Pradesh
    Explanation:
    Formed in 1953 after Potti Sriramulu’s hunger strike, it initiated large-scale linguistic reorganization.

    UNIT 10 RECAP

    Key themes of the unit:

    • National movement phases & leadership

    • Ideologies: Moderates, Extremists, Gandhian movements

    • Communalism, nationalism, constitutional reforms

    • Freedom, Partition, Constituent Assembly

    • Independent India: political consolidation, planning, economy, reorganization of states

  • UGC NET History Unit-9 Expected Questions

    Socio–Religious Reform Movements & Cultural Changes in 19th Century India

    Q1. Raja Rammohan Roy founded the Brahmo Sabha in:

    (1) 1828
    (2) 1830
    (3) 1817
    (4) 1843

    Correct Answer: (1) 1828
    Explanation:
    Brahmo Sabha (later Brahmo Samaj) promoted monotheism, social reform, and fought against practices like sati, idolatry and caste rigidity, marking the beginning of modern reform movements.

    Q2. The Young Bengal movement was led by:

    (1) Henry Vivian Derozio
    (2) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
    (3) Kesub Chandra Sen
    (4) Dayanand Saraswati

    Correct Answer: (1) Henry Vivian Derozio
    Explanation:
    Young Bengal inspired radical rational thinking, freedom, equality, women’s education, and western science among Calcutta students.

    Q3. The principle text of the Arya Samaj is:

    (1) Bhagavad Gita
    (2) Vedas
    (3) Upanishads
    (4) Manusmriti

    Correct Answer: (2) Vedas
    Explanation:
    Dayanand Saraswati declared “Back to the Vedas” as his central doctrine and rejected idol worship and ritualism.

    Q4. The Prarthana Samaj was founded by:

    (1) R. G. Bhandarkar and Atmaram Pandurang
    (2) M. G. Ranade
    (3) Gopal Hari Deshmukh
    (4) Dadabhai Naoroji

    Correct Answer: (1)
    Explanation:
    Prarthana Samaj sought to purify Hinduism and supported widow remarriage, women’s education and abolishing caste inequality.

    Q5. Who declared that “religion is the manifestation of the divinity already in man”?

    (1) Swami Vivekananda
    (2) Debendranath Tagore
    (3) Sri Aurobindo
    (4) Ramkrishna Paramhansa

    Correct Answer: (1) Swami Vivekananda
    Explanation:
    Vivekananda emphasized self-realization, service to humanity and spiritual nationalism, influencing Indian nationalism.

    Q6. The Aligarh Movement was started by:

    (1) Syed Ahmed Khan
    (2) Muhammad Iqbal
    (3) Maulana Azad
    (4) Shibli Numani

    Correct Answer: (1)
    Explanation:
    It promoted modern scientific education among Muslims, founding the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College in 1875.

    Q7. Who founded the Ramakrishna Mission in 1897?

    (1) Swami Dayanand
    (2) Swami Vivekananda
    (3) Keshab Chandra Sen
    (4) Rabindranath Tagore

    Correct Answer: (2)
    Explanation:
    It was based on the teachings of Ramakrishna Paramhansa and aimed at social service, education and spiritual reform.

    Q8. The first law to abolish the practice of Sati was passed under:

    (1) Cornwallis
    (2) Lord Bentinck
    (3) Dalhousie
    (4) John Shore

    Correct Answer: (2) Lord Bentinck
    Explanation:
    Regulation XVII of 1829 abolished sati, largely supported by reformers such as Raja Rammohan Roy.

    Q9. The concept of ‘Sudhi’ (re-conversion) was initiated by:

    (1) Arya Samaj
    (2) Brahmo Samaj
    (3) Prarthana Samaj
    (4) Theosophical Society

    Correct Answer: (1) Arya Samaj
    Explanation:
    Sudhi was intended to reconvert Hindus who had been converted to other religions; a key feature of Dayanand’s ideology.

    Q10. The Veda Samaj was established in:

    (1) Bombay
    (2) Madras
    (3) Poona
    (4) Calcutta

    Correct Answer: (2) Madras
    Explanation:
    Veda Samaj worked for abolition of caste distinctions, widow remarriage, female education and religious reform in South India.

    UNIT 9 RECAP

    Important focus areas:

    • Major reform movements (Brahmo Samaj, Arya Samaj, Prarthana Samaj, Ramakrishna Mission)

    • Reformers: Rammohan Roy, Vidyasagar, Vivekananda, Dayanand, Syed Ahmed Khan

    • Social legislation and women’s rights

    • Muslim reform movements and Western education

    • Cultural awakening & rise of nationalism

  • UGC NET History Unit-8 Expected Questions

    18th Century India, Advent of Europeans & British Expansion

    Q1. Which of the following was the first European trading company to arrive in India?

    (1) English
    (2) Portuguese
    (3) Dutch
    (4) French

    Correct Answer: (2) Portuguese
    Explanation:
    The Portuguese were the earliest Europeans to reach India for trade. Vasco da Gama arrived at Calicut in 1498, establishing early maritime dominance.

    Q2. The Battle of Plassey (1757) was fought between:

    (1) British and French
    (2) British and Marathas
    (3) British and Siraj-ud-Daulah
    (4) British and Hyder Ali

    Correct Answer: (3) British and Siraj-ud-Daulah
    Explanation:
    Robert Clive defeated Siraj-ud-Daulah, establishing political control in Bengal and laying the foundation of British rule.

    Q3. The Dual Government in Bengal was introduced by:

    (1) Robert Clive
    (2) Warren Hastings
    (3) Lord Cornwallis
    (4) William Bentinck

    Correct Answer: (1) Robert Clive
    Explanation:
    Clive created a system where the company controlled revenue while the Nawab retained nominal authority. It led to administrative confusion and famine.

    Q4. The Treaty of Allahabad (1765) granted the Diwani rights of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa to the British by:

    (1) Siraj-ud-Daulah
    (2) Shah Alam II
    (3) Shuja-ud-Daula
    (4) Mir Jafar

    Correct Answer: (2) Shah Alam II
    Explanation:
    After the Battle of Buxar (1764), the Mughal emperor granted revenue rights to the East India Company, resulting in full economic authority in eastern India.

    Q5. Which of the following battles consolidated British supremacy in India?

    (1) Battle of Plassey
    (2) Battle of Buxar
    (3) Battle of Wandiwash
    (4) Third Battle of Panipat

    Correct Answer: (2) Battle of Buxar
    Explanation:
    Buxar (1764) was fought against the combined forces of Mir Qasim, Shuja-ud-Daula, and Shah Alam II. The Company gained political authority and revenue.

    Q6. The system of Subsidiary Alliance was introduced by:

    (1) Lord Dalhousie
    (2) Lord Wellesley
    (3) Lord Hastings
    (4) Lord Cornwallis

    Correct Answer: (2) Lord Wellesley
    Explanation:
    The Indian rulers were forced to accept British troops and dismiss their own forces. It made the states dependent and facilitated territorial expansion.

    Q7. Which act introduced a centralized administrative structure and laid foundation for modern governance?

    (1) Regulating Act, 1773
    (2) Pitt’s India Act, 1784
    (3) Charter Act, 1813
    (4) Indian Councils Act, 1861

    Correct Answer: (1) Regulating Act, 1773
    Explanation:
    It was the first step to regulate Company’s rule and created the Governor-General’s office.

    Q8. The doctrine of lapse was applied first to annex:

    (1) Satara
    (2) Jhansi
    (3) Nagpur
    (4) Awadh

    Correct Answer: (1) Satara
    Explanation:
    Dalhousie refused to accept adopted heirs, beginning with Satara (1848), later followed by Jhansi and Nagpur.

    Q9. Who among the following was defeated in the Third Anglo-Mysore War?

    (1) Tipu Sultan
    (2) Hyder Ali
    (3) Peshwa Baji Rao II
    (4) Shuja-ud-Daula

    Correct Answer: (1) Tipu Sultan
    Explanation:
    In 1792, the Treaty of Seringapatam forced Tipu Sultan to cede half of his territory and give two sons as hostages.

    Q10. Which European power established trading posts at Masulipatnam, Pulicat and Nagapattinam?

    (1) Portuguese
    (2) Dutch
    (3) British
    (4) French

    Correct Answer: (2) Dutch
    Explanation:
    The Dutch East India Company established major trading centers on the Coromandel Coast and dominated spice trade before being defeated by the English.

    UNIT 8 RECAP

    Topics covered:

    • Decline of Mughal power & rise of regional states

    • Entry of European trading companies

    • Carnatic wars, Plassey & Buxar

    • British territorial & administrative expansion

    • Policies: Subsidiary Alliance & Doctrine of Lapse

    • Anglo-Mysore & Anglo-Maratha wars

  • UGC NET History Unit-6 Expected Questions

    Q1. The earliest Muslim saint to come to India and settle at Multan was:

    (1) Moinuddin Chishti
    (2) Bahauddin Zakariya
    (3) Sheikh Ismail
    (4) Ali Hamadani

    Correct Answer: (3) Sheikh Ismail
    Explanation:
    He is credited as the earliest Sufi to settle in India, preceding organized Sufi orders and serving as a pioneer of early Islamic mysticism in North-West India.

    Q2. Who among the following introduced the practice of Langar in the Sikh tradition?

    (1) Guru Arjun
    (2) Guru Angad
    (3) Guru Nanak
    (4) Guru Amar Das

    Correct Answer: (4) Guru Amar Das
    Explanation:
    Langar (community kitchen) was institutionalised by Guru Amar Das to promote equality beyond caste, creed, or status.

    Q3. The doctrine of Wahdat-ul-Wujud (Unity of Being) was expounded by:

    (1) Al-Hallaj
    (2) Ibn Arabi
    (3) Abdul Qadir Jilani
    (4) Jalaluddin Rumi

    Correct Answer: (2) Ibn Arabi
    Explanation:
    Wahdat-ul-Wujud is a philosophical concept asserting that all existence is a manifestation of the divine. It later influenced the Chishti Sufis in India.

    Q4. The Bhakti movement in South India was led primarily by:

    (1) Nayanars and Alvars
    (2) Siddhas and Sants
    (3) Sufis
    (4) Pasupatas

    Correct Answer: (1) Nayanars and Alvars
    Explanation:
    Nayanars (Shaivite) and Alvars (Vaishnavite) poet-saints initiated intense devotional worship, rejecting ritualism and caste dominance.

    Q5. Who among the following opposed idol worship and caste, and preached universal religion based on love and devotion?

    (1) Vallabhacharya
    (2) Ramananda
    (3) Basavanna
    (4) Kabir

    Correct Answer: (4) Kabir
    Explanation:
    Kabir criticised both Hindu and Muslim orthodoxy and emphasised nirguna bhakti and equality.

    Q6. Which Sufi order in India was known for maintaining close relations with the ruling class and accepting royal grants?

    (1) Chishti
    (2) Suhrawardi
    (3) Qadiri
    (4) Shattari

    Correct Answer: (2) Suhrawardi
    Explanation:
    Unlike Chishtis, Suhrawardis supported state involvement and accepted patronage, strengthening political influence.

    Q7. The Sikh scripture Adi Granth was compiled by:

    (1) Guru Nanak
    (2) Guru Angad
    (3) Guru Amar Das
    (4) Guru Arjun

    Correct Answer: (4) Guru Arjun
    Explanation:
    He compiled hymns of earlier Sikh gurus and saints into the Adi Granth (1604), later revised to Guru Granth Sahib.

    Q8. Ibadat Khana was established by which Mughal ruler?

    (1) Babur
    (2) Humayun
    (3) Akbar
    (4) Jahangir

    Correct Answer: (3) Akbar
    Explanation:
    It was created as a house of worship and philosophical dialogue for scholars of different religions in Fatehpur Sikri.

    Q9. Silsilah in Sufism refers to:

    (1) Mystical meditation technique
    (2) Practice of devotional singing
    (3) Chain of spiritual succession
    (4) Theory of divine intoxication

    Correct Answer: (3) Chain of spiritual succession
    Explanation:
    Silsilah denotes a lineage of Sufi masters transmitting spiritual authority.

    Q10. The term Panchayat referred in medieval Indian villages to:

    (1) A group of five tax collectors
    (2) A community council for resolving disputes
    (3) A religious jury
    (4) A mercenary force

    Correct Answer: (2) A community council for resolving disputes
    Explanation:
    The panchayat supervised welfare, justice and village-level administration.

    UNIT 6 RECAP

    Major themes in this unit:

    • Bhakti movement & major saints

    • Sufi orders and doctrines

    • Sikh movement & Guru lineage

    • Social institutions & caste structure

    • Village and urban society patterns

    • Religious synthesis & cultural interaction