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  • Chapter-14-Economic Activities Around Us, Class 6th, Social Science, NCERT

    Q1. What is the primary sector? How is it different from the secondary sector? Give two examples.

    Answer (120–150 words):
    The primary sector includes all activities that depend directly on nature for raw materials. Examples are farming, fishing, forestry, livestock rearing, and mining. People engaged in these activities produce goods directly from natural resources.

    The secondary sector uses raw materials from the primary sector and processes or manufactures them into finished products. For example, cotton is turned into cloth in textile factories, and sugarcane is processed into sugar.

    Difference:

    • Primary = extraction of raw materials from nature.
    • Secondary = conversion of raw materials into finished goods.

    Examples:

    • Primary: Agriculture, mining.
    • Secondary: Automobile manufacturing, flour mills.

    Q2. How does the secondary sector depend on the tertiary sector? Illustrate with a few examples.

    Answer (120–150 words):
    The secondary sector cannot function without the services provided by the tertiary sector. Factories need:

    • Transport services to carry raw materials like coal, iron, and cotton from mines and fields to factories, and to distribute finished goods to markets.
    • Banking services to provide loans, manage salaries, and enable business transactions.
    • Communication services like mobile phones and the internet to coordinate with suppliers and customers.
    • Warehouses and retail stores to store and sell products.

    For example, a textile mill needs cotton (primary), machines and workers (secondary), and then relies on transport, banks, and shops (tertiary) to sell clothes to customers. Thus, the tertiary sector supports both production and distribution.

    Q3. Give an example of interdependence between primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors. Show it using a flow diagram.

    Answer (Example: Dairy industry):

    • Primary sector: Farmers rear cows and produce milk.
    • Secondary sector: Milk is processed into butter, cheese, and milk powder in factories.
    • Tertiary sector: Trucks, railways, and shops transport and sell these products to customers.

    Flow Diagram:
    Farmer (milk production) → Dairy factory (milk products) → Transport & shops (distribution and sales).

    Extra Questions – Chapter 14: Economic Activities Around Us

    Very Short Answer Questions

    1. What is meant by economic sector?
      Answer: A group of economic activities with similar features, such as primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors.
    2. Give two examples of primary sector activities.
      Answer: Farming and fishing.
    3. Give two examples of secondary sector activities.
      Answer: Automobile manufacturing and textile production.
    4. Give two examples of tertiary sector activities.
      Answer: Banking and transportation.
    5. Which sector is also called the service sector?
      Answer: The tertiary sector.

    Short Answer Questions

    Q6. Why is the tertiary sector becoming increasingly important in modern times?
    Answer: With globalisation and technology, services like IT, banking, communication, and transport have become crucial. They connect producers to markets, improve efficiency, and provide jobs.

    Q7. Explain the importance of cooperatives like AMUL in economic life.
    Answer: AMUL brought farmers together to sell milk collectively, set up processing plants, and eliminate middlemen. This improved farmers’ income and gave India a strong dairy industry.

    Long Answer Questions

    Q8. Explain how all three economic sectors are interdependent with the help of the book-making process.
    Answer (150–180 words):
    The making of a textbook shows interdependence among sectors. The primary sector provides wood from forests, which is processed into pulp. The secondary sector turns pulp into paper, and printing presses produce textbooks. The tertiary sector distributes books through transport, warehouses, and bookshops. Even software and education services play a role when books are digitised as e-books. If any one sector is missing — no trees, no paper factories, or no transport — the whole chain breaks down. This example proves that while each sector has its own function, they must work together for the economy to function smoothly.

  • Chapter-13-The Value of Work , Class 6th, Social Science, NCERT

    NCERT Answers

    Q1. How are economic activities different from non-economic activities?

    Answer (120 words):
    Economic activities are those which involve earning money or wealth. People perform them in exchange for wages, salaries, profit, or payment in kind. Examples include a teacher teaching in a school for salary, a farmer selling crops, or a doctor treating patients for a fee.

    Non-economic activities are done out of love, care, gratitude, or duty, not for money. Examples are parents cooking for children, a person teaching neighbours free of cost, or volunteers cleaning a park.

    Thus, while economic activities generate income and contribute to the economy, non-economic activities contribute to social welfare and emotional wellbeing. Both are valuable for society.

    Q2. What kind of economic activities do people engage in? Illustrate with examples.

    Answer (150 words):
    People engage in various kinds of economic activities:

    1. Primary Activities: Related to natural resources — farming, fishing, mining, and forestry. Example: Farmers selling wheat in the market.
    2. Secondary Activities: Processing raw materials into finished goods. Example: A carpenter making furniture, factory workers making cars.
    3. Tertiary Activities: Providing services. Example: Doctors, teachers, lawyers, shopkeepers, drivers.
    4. Quaternary Activities (knowledge-based): Software engineers, researchers, scientists, etc.

    For example, Kavya’s uncle operating a bulldozer is a secondary activity, her aunt working in the post office is a tertiary activity, and Sahil the farm labourer earning wages is a primary activity. All these activities generate income and support everyday life.

    Q3. There is great value attached to people who are engaged in community service activities. Comment on this statement.

    Answer (120–150 words):
    Community service activities may not earn money but they are very valuable. For example, volunteers serving food at langars in gurudwaras, or people cleaning public spaces under Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, or planting trees during Van Mahotsav. These activities create social harmony, a cleaner environment, and mutual support.

    Such work promotes values like selflessness, compassion, and cooperation. For instance, when neighbours help during floods or natural disasters, their service saves lives. Even at festivals, people decorating together and sharing food strengthen community bonds.

    Therefore, community service holds great value as it improves the quality of life, builds unity, and teaches responsibility towards society.

    Q4. What are the various ways in which people are compensated for various economic activities? Give some examples.

    Answer (100–120 words):
    People are compensated for economic activities in different ways:

    1. Wages: Daily or weekly payment for labour (e.g., construction workers).
    2. Salary: Fixed monthly income (e.g., teachers, office employees).
    3. Profit: Earned by business people selling goods or services (e.g., shopkeepers, traders).
    4. Fees: Payment for professional services (e.g., doctors, lawyers).
    5. Payment in kind: Goods given instead of cash (e.g., a farm labourer receiving part of the crop).

    Thus, compensation depends on the type of work and agreement between worker and employer.

    Extra Questions – Chapter 13: The Value of Work

    Very Short Answer Questions

    1. What is meant by value addition?
      Answer: Increasing the value of a product by processing or improving it (e.g., turning wood into furniture).
    2. What is sevā?
      Answer: Selfless service performed without expecting anything in return.
    3. Name one community service activity practised in gurudwaras.
      Answer: Langar (community kitchen).
    4. What is payment in kind?
      Answer: Non-cash payment given as goods or produce instead of money.
    5. Who said, “Do work as worship”?
      Answer: Swami Vivekananda.

    Short Answer Questions

    Q6. Why are non-economic activities important?
    Answer: They promote love, care, and social harmony. Examples include caring for elders, volunteering, or community festivals. They improve emotional wellbeing and strengthen relationships.

    Q7. How do citizens contribute to cleanliness drives like Swachh Bharat Abhiyan?
    Answer: By cleaning homes and public areas, segregating waste, reducing plastic use, and spreading awareness. Their participation ensures long-term success.

    Long Answer Questions

    Q8. Explain with examples how both economic and non-economic activities are necessary for society.
    Answer (150–180 words):
    Economic activities provide money, goods, and services. Farmers grow crops, shopkeepers sell goods, doctors and teachers provide services. These activities meet material needs and keep the economy running. Without them, society cannot survive.

    Non-economic activities, though unpaid, meet emotional and social needs. Parents cook food, elders guide children, volunteers serve in disasters, and people plant trees or clean neighbourhoods. These activities strengthen social bonds, spread kindness, and ensure happiness.

    For example, a teacher in school (economic activity) earns a salary, while a retired teacher giving free tuition (non-economic activity) helps poor children. Both contribute equally to society’s progress.

    Thus, society needs a balance of both types of activities for overall development.