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Tag: NTA NET UGC Data Interpretation Paper 1 Unit 7

  • UGC NET – Paper-1 – Data Interpretation – MCQs – Practice Set

     (10 Data Sets, 50 Questions)

    📊 DATA SET 1 — Table: Student Enrollment (2019–2023)

    Year Arts Science Commerce Total
    2019 300 250 150 700
    2020 320 270 180 770
    2021 340 300 200 840
    2022 380 330 220 930
    2023 400 360 250 1010

    Questions

    1. In which year was total enrollment highest?

    2. Average Science enrollment (2019–2023)?

    3. % increase in Commerce students from 2019 to 2023?

    4. Ratio of Arts to Science students in 2023?

    5. By how many did total enrollment increase from 2019 to 2023?

    Answers

    1. 2023 (1010 – highest total)

    2. (250+270+300+330+360)/5=302

    3. (250–150)/150×100=66.7%

    4. 400:360=10:9

    5. 1010–700=310

    🥧 DATA SET 2 — Pie Chart: Expenditure of a Company (Total ₹12 lakh)

    Category % Share
    Salaries 40%
    Raw Material 25%
    Rent 15%
    Marketing 10%
    Miscellaneous 10%

    Questions

    1. Expenditure on Raw Material = ?

    2. Combined % on Marketing + Miscellaneous = ?

    3. How much more spent on Salaries than on Rent?

    4. What is the angle of the Raw Material sector?

    5. If total increased by 10% next year, what will be Marketing expenditure?

    Answers

    1. 25% of 12,00,000 = ₹3,00,000

    2. 10 + 10 = 20%

    3. (40–15)% of 12,00,000 = 25% = ₹3,00,000

    4. (25/100)×360°=90°

    5. New total = 13,20,000 → 10% = ₹1,32,000

    📈 DATA SET 3 — Line Graph: Sales of Product A & B (in ₹ Lakh)

    Year Product A Product B
    2018 20 25
    2019 25 30
    2020 30 28
    2021 40 35
    2022 45 40

    Questions

    1. In which year was the difference between A and B sales maximum?

    2. Average sales of Product B?

    3. % increase in A’s sales from 2018 to 2022?

    4. Ratio of A:B in 2020?

    5. In how many years did Product B sales exceed A?

    Answers

    1. 2018 → |25–20|=5; 2021 → |40–35|=5; 2022 → |45–40|=5 → Equal max difference = 5 lakh

    2. (25+30+28+35+40)/5 = 31.6 lakh

    3. (45–20)/20×100=125%

    4. 30:28 = 15:14

    5. 3 years (2018–2020)

    🧮 DATA SET 4 — Table: University Results

    Subject Appeared Passed Failed
    English 400 340 60
    History 300 210 90
    Economics 350 280 70
    Sociology 250 230 20
    Political Sci. 200 160 40

    Questions

    1. Overall pass % of the university?

    2. Highest pass % subject?

    3. Total failed students in all subjects?

    4. Average pass % across subjects?

    5. Ratio of passed to failed in History?

    Answers

    1. Total pass = 340+210+280+230+160=1220; total =1500 → 1220/1500×100=81.3%

    2. Sociology → 230/250=92%

    3. 60+90+70+20+40=280

    4. (85+70+80+92+80)/5 = 81.4%

    5. 210:90 = 7:3

    📊 DATA SET 5 — Bar Graph: Books Sold by a Publisher

    Genre No. of Books
    Fiction 1200
    Non-fiction 900
    Children 600
    Reference 300
    Others 500

    Questions

    1. % share of Fiction books?

    2. Ratio of Children to Reference books?

    3. Difference between Fiction and Non-fiction books?

    4. If total books = 3500, find % of Others.

    5. Total books in all genres except Fiction?

    Answers

    1. 1200/3500×100=34.3%

    2. 600:300 = 2:1

    3. 1200–900 = 300

    4. 500/3500×100=14.3%

    5. 3500–1200 = 2300

    📈 DATA SET 6 — Table: Imports & Exports (₹ Crore)

    Year Imports Exports
    2018 500 400
    2019 600 450
    2020 700 600
    2021 650 620
    2022 800 700

    Questions

    1. In which year was trade deficit (Import–Export) highest?

    2. Average exports (2018–2022)?

    3. % increase in imports from 2018 to 2022?

    4. Year with trade surplus?

    5. Ratio of total imports to total exports.

    Answers

    1. 2022 → 800–700=100 (highest deficit)

    2. (400+450+600+620+700)/5 = 554 crore

    3. (800–500)/500×100=60%

    4. None (all imports > exports)

    5. (500+600+700+650+800):(400+450+600+620+700)=3250:2770 ≈ 1.17:1

    🧾 DATA SET 7 — Caselet: Newspaper Readership

    A survey of 1,000 people showed:

    • 400 read The Times

    • 300 read The Herald

    • 200 read The Voice

    • 150 read both Times and Herald

    • 50 read all three papers

    Questions

    1. How many read both Times and Voice but not Herald (if 90 read both Times & Voice)?

    2. How many read at least one newspaper?

    3. How many read none?

    4. How many read only The Herald?

    5. How many read exactly two newspapers?

    Answers

    Let universal set = 1000.
    Using set theory:

    1. Times∩Voice only = 90–50 = 40

    2. At least one = Total – None; find later.
      (T+H+V) – (T∩H + T∩V + H∩V) + All three = (400+300+200)–(150+90+?)+50. Assuming H∩V = 70.
      = 900–310+50=640.
      So 640 read ≥1.

    3. None = 1000–640=360

    4. Herald only = 300–150–70+50=130.

    5. Exactly two = (150+90+70) – 3×50 = 160

    📊 DATA SET 8 — Pie Chart: Sources of Electricity Generation

    Source  % Share
    Thermal 40%
    Hydro 25%
    Nuclear 15%
    Solar 10%
    Wind 10%

    Total output = 10,000 MW.

    Questions

    1. MW generated by Nuclear power?

    2. Combined contribution of renewable (Solar + Wind)?

    3. Thermal power generation in MW?

    4. What angle represents Hydro power?

    5. Ratio of Hydro : Nuclear power.

    Answers

    1. 15% × 10,000 = 1500 MW

    2. (10+10)% = 20% = 2000 MW

    3. 40% × 10,000 = 4000 MW

    4. (25/100)×360=90°

    5. 25:15 = 5:3

    📉 DATA SET 9 — Line Graph: Students in Two Universities

    Year University X University Y.
    2018 12,000 10,000
    2019 14,000 11,500
    2020 16,000 13,000
    2021 18,000 15,000
    2022 20,000 16,000

    Questions

    1. Growth % of University X (2018–2022)?

    2. Average students in University Y?

    3. Difference in 2020 student count between X and Y?

    4. Year when total enrollment (X+Y) crossed 30,000?

    5. Ratio of X:Y in 2022?

    Answers

    1. (20,000–12,000)/12,000×100=66.7%

    2. (10,000+11,500+13,000+15,000+16,000)/5 = 13,100

    3. 16,000–13,000 = 3,000

    4. 2020 (16k+13k=29k <30k); 2021 (33k >30k) → 2021

    5. 20,000:16,000 = 5:4

    📊 DATA SET 10 — Table: GDP (Sector-wise, ₹ crore)

    Year Agriculture Industry Services Total
    2018 200 300 500 1000
    2019 220 350 530 1100
    2020 250 370 580 1200
    2021 260 390 650 1300
    2022 280 420 700 1400

    Questions

    1. Which sector grew most (2018–2022)?

    2. Share of Services sector in 2022 GDP?

    3. Average Industry output (all years)?

    4. % growth of total GDP (2018–2022)?

    5. Ratio of Agriculture to Total GDP in 2022?

    Answers

    1. Agriculture: +80; Industry: +120; Services: +200 → Services

    2. 700/1400×100 = 50%

    3. (300+350+370+390+420)/5 = 366 crore

    4. (1400–1000)/1000×100 = 40%

    5. 280:1400 = 1:5

  • UGC NET-Paper-1-UNIT – 7 – DATA INTERPRETATION

    (For NTA UGC NET Paper-I)

    🎯 1. Objective of the Unit

    The goal of this unit is to test a candidate’s ability to:

    • Read, interpret, and analyze quantitative data presented in various forms.

    • Draw logical conclusions and compare trends.

    • Apply basic mathematical tools such as percentage, ratio, and average.

    Data interpretation (DI) checks not how much you know, but how well you reason with numerical data.

    🧠 2. What is Data Interpretation?

    🔹 Definition:

    Data Interpretation (DI) is the process of examining data systematically to extract useful information, patterns, and conclusions.

    🔹 Core Process:

    1. Data Collection → Raw information in tables, charts, or graphs.

    2. Data Presentation → Represented visually for comparison.

    3. Data Analysis & Interpretation → Using logic + mathematics to derive results.

    📊 3. Types of Data Used in DI

    Type Description Example
    Quantitative Data Numerical, measurable Marks, salary, temperature
    Qualitative Data Categorical, descriptive Gender, state, color
    Discrete Data Countable values No. of students, cars
    Continuous Data Measurable within range Weight, height, income
    Primary Data Collected firsthand Survey, questionnaire
    Secondary Data Pre-collected by others Reports, census, books

    🧾 4. Forms of Data Presentation in UGC NET

    Format Description Skill Tested
    Table (Tabular) Numerical data in rows & columns Calculation of total, average, %
    Bar Graph Rectangular bars representing categories Comparison across groups
    Line Graph Data plotted as lines (trend) Time-based change
    Pie Chart Circle divided into sectors Percentage distribution
    Mixed Graph / Composite Graph Combination of two or more types Integration and comparison
    Data Caselets Paragraph form data Reading comprehension + math
    Histogram / Frequency Polygon Continuous data distribution Range & frequency comparison

    📐 5. Important Concepts and Formulas

    🔹 (A) Percentage

    Percentage=ValueTotal×100

    Example:
    Marks = 45 out of 60 → 4560×100=75%

    🔹 (B) Ratio

    Ratio of A to B=AB

    Example: Males:Females = 200:300 = 2:3

    🔹 (C) Average

    Average=Sum of observationsNumber of observations

    🔹 (D) Growth / Change %

    Percentage Change=New – OldOld×100

    🔹 (E) Conversion Between Fraction & %:

    Fraction Percentage
    1/2 50%
    1/3 33.33%
    1/4 25%
    3/4 75%
    1/5 20%

    🔹 (F) Pie Chart Angle Conversion

    Sector Angle=ValueTotal×360°

    📈 6. Data Interpretation Skill Steps

    1. Read the Title: Understand what data represents (years, product, category).

    2. Study Axes or Columns: Identify units (₹, %, number, ratio).

    3. Identify Totals / Subtotals.

    4. Compare Values: Use % increase, ratio comparison.

    5. Eliminate Extremes: Find highest/lowest values.

    6. Check Trends: Increasing, decreasing, fluctuating.

    7. Compute Averages or Shares.

    8. Answer Logically: Don’t over-calculate — approximate if needed.

    📊 7. Types of DI Questions in UGC NET

    Type What’s Tested Example
    Tabular DI Reading and basic arithmetic Population by year and sex
    Pie Chart Percentages and angles Market share of companies
    Bar Graph Comparisons Student performance in subjects
    Line Graph Trend analysis Sales growth over time
    Mixed Graphs Integration of two data forms Import/export of products
    Data Caselet Data in paragraph form Logical comprehension with arithmetic

    🔍 8. Example Illustrations

    🧮 Example 1: Table

    Year Product A Product B
    2020 100 80
    2021 120 100
    2022 150 90

    Q. Percentage growth of A from 2020 to 2022?

    =150−100100×100=50%

    Q. Average sales of Product B?

    =80+100+903=90

    🥧 Example 2: Pie Chart

    A company’s annual expense = ₹12,00,000.
    Distribution:

    • Salaries: 40%

    • Rent: 20%

    • Materials: 25%

    • Miscellaneous: 15%

    Q.1 How much spent on materials?
    = 25% of 12,00,000 = ₹3,00,000

    Q.2 Angle for “Rent” sector?
    = (20/100) × 360° = 72°

    📈 Example 3: Line Graph

    Sales of Company X (₹ Lakh):
    2019 – 20, 2020 – 25, 2021 – 30, 2022 – 45

    Q. Average annual growth rate?

    (45−20)3=8.33 lakh per year

    Q. % increase from 2021 to 2022?

    45−3030×100=50%

    🧮 9. Advanced DI Topics

    Concept Description Formula
    Weighted Average When groups have different weights xˉ=∑wixi∑wi
    Index Numbers Ratio showing relative change Index=Current ValueBase Value×100
    Trend Analysis Study of direction of data movement Compare year-to-year growth
    Correlation Relationship strength between variables Positive / Negative / Zero
    Data Sufficiency Logical test whether data given is enough to answer Needs reasoning, not calculation

    🧩 10. Common Traps & How to Avoid Them

    Mistake Why It Happens Solution
    Misreading axes/units Changing scale (₹ Lakh vs ₹ Thousand) Always check units
    Calculation rush Missing key ratios Use approximation where possible
    Over-reliance on memory Forgetting what is asked Re-read question each time
    Confusing total with percentage Poor ratio sense Recompute total before applying %
    Ignoring trends Time-series graphs need direction sense Look for slope direction (↑/↓)

    🧠 11. Quick Tricks for Fast Solving

    1. Use 10% method:

      • 10% = divide by 10

      • 5% = half of 10%

      • 20% = double of 10%
        Helps estimate fast.

    2. Ratio shortcut:
      If A:B = 3:2 → A = 3x, B = 2x.

    3. Pie chart: always convert total into 360°.

    4. Approximation skill: Round values near thousands for faster calculations.

    5. Compare differences rather than computing exact values — saves time.

    🧭 12. Interpretation Keywords in Questions

    Keyword Meaning
    “% increase/decrease” Compare new vs old values
    “Average/Mean” Sum ÷ count
    “Proportion” Part of total
    “Share” Sectoral percentage
    “Highest/Lowest” Rank comparison
    “Trend” Directional change over time
    “Ratio” Comparison between two quantities

    📘 13. Data Interpretation vs Data Analysis

    Feature Data Interpretation Data Analysis
    Scope Examination of presented data Comprehensive study including data collection
    Tool Arithmetic reasoning Statistical models
    Purpose Exam-level reasoning Research-level inference
    Example Graph questions in Paper-I SPSS, regression in Paper-II research

    🔢 14. Expected Question Types (UGC NET Pattern)

    Type Marks Example
    Table-based 2–3 Find ratio or % change
    Pie-chart 1–2 Compute sector angle
    Bar graph 1–2 Compare categories
    Mixed data 2 Integrate two graphs
    Caselet 1 Paragraph to number conversion

    📚 15. Revision Chart (Formula Snapshot)

    Concept Formula
    % = (Value/Total) × 100 For distribution problems
    Ratio = A/B For comparison
    Average = Total ÷ Count Mean
    Change% = (New – Old)/Old × 100 Growth rate
    Pie Angle = (Value/Total) × 360° Sector division
    Weighted Mean = Σ(wx)/Σw For group averages
    Index = (Current/Base) × 100 Trend measure

    🔎 16. Stepwise Strategy to Solve DI in Exam

    1. Read question first, not graph.

    2. Identify what is asked (ratio, %, total, etc.).

    3. Underline given units (thousand, lakh, %).

    4. Use approximate arithmetic to save time.

    5. Eliminate impossible options if multiple-choice.

    6. Cross-check totals for consistency.

    7. Avoid overcalculating – choose reasoning approach.

    ✅ 17. Summary

    • Data interpretation = Understanding + Calculation + Logic.

    • Master percentages, ratios, averages, growth.

    • Practise graphs and caselets daily.

    • In exam, speed + accuracy both matter.

    • Focus on comparative reasoning, not heavy math.

    🧾 18. Preparation Plan (UGC NET Ready)

    Task Daily Practice Focus
    Tables / Pie charts 5 sets Ratio & %
    Line / Bar graphs 5 sets Trend analysis
    Caselets 3 Reading + logic
    Mixed DI 2 Integration skill
    Formula revision 10 min Accuracy boost

    💡 19. Exam Hack Examples

    • Trick: If options are far apart, use approximation.

    • Trick: Pie chart → 1% = Total ÷ 100, then × percentage.

    • Trick: If total same for two years, percentage difference directly compares values.

    • Trick: When given average, use “Sum = Avg × No. of items” to back-solve missing data.

    🧩 20. Practice Mindset

    UGC NET Paper-I DI questions are logic-driven, not number-heavy.
    They check:

    • Your ability to read data accurately,

    • Your concept of proportionality, and

    • Your speed in comparing numbers.