Q1. Who said “Liberty means absence of restraints”?
(A) Green (B) Hobbes (C) Locke (D) Laski
✅ Answer: (B) Hobbes
Explanation:
Hobbes viewed liberty as the absence of external impediments. For him, freedom is a negative concept — people are free as long as nothing physically stops them from acting according to their will.
Q2. Who said “The greatest happiness of the greatest number”?
(A) Mill (B) Bentham (C) Locke (D) Hobbes
✅ Answer: (B) Jeremy Bentham
Explanation:
Bentham’s Utilitarian principle says that every action should aim at maximizing happiness for the greatest number. This formed the moral basis of liberal and welfare legislation.
Q3. Who introduced the concept of Positive Liberty?
(A) Hobbes (B) Locke (C) Green (D) Mill
✅ Answer: (C) T.H. Green
Explanation:
T.H. Green redefined liberty as positive power — not just freedom from restraint, but the capacity to do what is morally good and socially beneficial.
Q4. According to political theory, sovereignty was first defined by —
(A) Hobbes (B) Bodin (C) Austin (D) Locke
✅ Answer: (B) Jean Bodin
Explanation:
Jean Bodin (16th century) was the first to formally define sovereignty as “absolute and perpetual power of the state.” His idea became the foundation for modern state theory.
Q5. “End of law is not to abolish or restrain, but to preserve and enlarge freedom.” Who said this?
(A) Hobbes (B) Rousseau (C) Locke (D) Hegel
✅ Answer: (C) John Locke
Explanation:
Locke argued that laws are instruments to protect liberty, not to suppress it. By providing security and justice, laws help individuals enjoy their natural rights more freely.
Q6. Political Obligation means —
(A) Duty of rulers to the ruled
(B) Freedom from political authority
(C) Obedience to the laws of the state
(D) Limitation of government
✅ Answer: (C) Obedience to the laws of the state
Explanation:
Political obligation refers to the moral duty of citizens to obey the laws and support the authority of the state for maintaining order and justice.
Q7. Who said “Liberty consists in obedience to the general will”?
(A) Rousseau (B) Hobbes (C) Locke (D) Bentham
✅ Answer: (A) Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Explanation:
Rousseau defined liberty as participation in the collective will of society. True freedom means obeying laws we prescribe for ourselves through the General Will.
Q8. The concept of justice in political theory deals with —
(A) Law and order
(B) Social equality and fairness
(C) Economic growth
(D) Security
✅ Answer: (B) Social equality and fairness
Explanation:
Justice is a moral and political ideal ensuring fair distribution of rights, opportunities, and resources among all individuals in a society.
Q9. Who defined political science as “the study of the state and government”?
(A) Aristotle (B) Garner (C) Machiavelli (D) Easton
✅ Answer: (B) J.W. Garner
Explanation:
Garner gave a traditional definition, viewing political science as the study of the state, its organs, and their functions, focusing on institutions rather than behavior.
Q10. According to David Easton, politics is —
(A) Struggle for power
(B) Study of the state
(C) Authoritative allocation of values
(D) Distribution of power
✅ Answer: (C) Authoritative allocation of values
Explanation:
Easton defined politics as the process by which values are authoritatively allocated for a society — linking individuals, institutions, and authority into a dynamic system.
Q11. The behavioural approach in political science emphasizes —
(A) Institutions and laws
(B) Political ideas
(C) Human behaviour and empirical methods
(D) Historical evolution
✅ Answer: (C) Human behaviour and empirical methods
Explanation:
The behavioural approach studies how individuals actually behave in politics, using scientific and quantitative methods rather than pure theory.
Q12. The post-behavioural approach emphasizes —
(A) Value-free study
(B) Political philosophy
(C) Relevance and social change
(D) Legal analysis
✅ Answer: (C) Relevance and social change
Explanation:
Post-behaviouralism (David Easton) reacted against value-neutrality, insisting that political science should address real-world issues and social transformation.
Q13. “Politics is who gets what, when, and how.” Who said this?
(A) Easton (B) Lasswell (C) Almond (D) Simon
✅ Answer: (B) Harold Lasswell
Explanation:
Lasswell defined politics in terms of power and distribution, emphasizing that political processes determine how scarce resources are allocated.
Q14. Who developed the structural-functional approach?
(A) Almond and Coleman (B) Easton (C) Parsons (D) Lasswell
✅ Answer: (A) Gabriel Almond and James Coleman
Explanation:
This approach studies political systems by examining structures (institutions) and functions (roles) they perform — useful for comparative political analysis.
Q15. The concept of Political Culture was developed by —
(A) Easton (B) Almond and Verba (C) Lasswell (D) Lipset
✅ Answer: (B) Almond and Verba
Explanation:
In The Civic Culture (1963), Almond and Verba introduced the concept of political culture — citizens’ orientations and attitudes toward political objects and processes.