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Tag: UNIT 5 — INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

  • UGC NET Political Science Unit 5 — International Relations – Top Questions

    Q1. Who is regarded as the father of Classical Realism in International Relations?

    1. Kenneth Waltz

    2. Hans J. Morgenthau

    3. Hedley Bull

    4. Robert Keohane

    Answer: 2
    Explanation: Morgenthau’s Politics Among Nations established classical realism focusing on power, national interest and conflict.

    Q2. Who developed Neo-Realism (Structural Realism)?

    1. Thucydides

    2. Morgenthau

    3. Kenneth Waltz

    4. Kissinger

    Answer: 3
    Explanation: Waltz emphasised the structure of the international system (anarchy, distribution of capabilities) rather than human nature.

    Q3. Which theory argues that international cooperation is possible through institutions and interdependence?

    1. Realism

    2. Neo-Realism

    3. Neoliberalism

    4. Marxism

    Answer: 3
    Explanation: Neoliberal institutionalists (Keohane, Nye) highlight cooperation through international regimes & organizations.

    Q4. The concept of Soft Power was introduced by—

    1. Waltz

    2. Nye

    3. Huntington

    4. Morgenthau

    Answer: 2
    Explanation: Soft power means influence through culture, diplomacy & values rather than coercion.

    Q5. The United Nations was founded in—

    1. 1919

    2. 1939

    3. 1945

    4. 1950

    Answer: 3
    Explanation: UN was created after World War II to maintain peace and prevent conflicts.

    Q6. SAARC was established in—

    1. 1975

    2. 1985

    3. 1995

    4. 2000

    Answer: 2
    Explanation: SAARC was formed to promote regional cooperation among South Asian nations.

    Q7. Which of the following is NOT a principal organ of the United Nations?

    1. Trusteeship Council

    2. Security Council

    3. International Red Cross

    4. General Assembly

    Answer: 3
    Explanation: Red Cross is an independent humanitarian institution, not part of UN organs.

    Q8. Which theory argues that the world economy is divided into core, semi-periphery and periphery regions?

    1. Dependency Theory

    2. World Systems Theory

    3. Modernization Theory

    4. Behavioural Theory

    Answer: 2
    Explanation: Immanuel Wallerstein’s world systems theory explains global inequality within capitalist world economy.

    Q9. Which country is NOT a permanent member of the UN Security Council?

    1. USA

    2. Russia

    3. Japan

    4. France

    Answer: 3
    Explanation: Only five permanent members have veto power—USA, UK, France, Russia, China.

    Q10. Non-Aligned Movement was formally established at—

    1. Bandung (1955)

    2. Belgrade (1961)

    3. Cairo (1964)

    4. Havana (1979)

    Answer: 2
    Explanation: NAM emerged during the Cold War to avoid alignment with power blocs.

    🅑 Assertion – Reason Questions

    Q11.

    Assertion (A): Realists believe international politics is a struggle for power.
    Reason (R): They argue that anarchy forces states to compete for survival.

    • A & R both true, R explains A

    Answer: Correct
    Explanation: Realists see no central authority; security competition is natural.

    Q12.

    Assertion (A): Liberal institutionalism promotes international cooperation.
    Reason (R): International organizations reduce uncertainty and transaction costs.

    • A & R both true, R explains A

    Answer: Correct
    Explanation: Institutions provide information, rules, monitoring & mediation.

    🅒 Match the Following

    Q13. Match List I with List II

    List I List II
    A. Keohane & Nye

    1. Complex Interdependence
    B. Waltz 2. Structural Realism
    C. Wallerstein 3. World-Systems Theory
    D. Nye 4. Soft Power

    Answer: A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4

    Q14. Match List I with List II

    List I List II
    A. Liberalism

    1. Cooperation through institutions
    B. Marxism

    2. Class struggle and exploitation
    C. Realism 3. National interest & power
    D. Constructivism 4. Ideas, identity & norms

    Answer: A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4

    🅓 Topic-Wise Explanation Notes (Short & Simple)

    1. Major Approaches in International Relations

    Approach Key Ideas
    Realism State, power, conflict, anarchy
    Liberalism / Neoliberalism

    Cooperation, institutions, interdependence
    Marxism Exploitation and global capitalism
    Constructivism

    Ideas, norms and identities shape behaviour
    Feminism Gendered nature of security and policy

    2. Key Concepts

    Concept Meaning
    Sovereignty Supreme authority of a state
    National Interest Goals pursued by nations
    Security

    Traditional (military) + Non-traditional (human, climate, cyber)
    Balance of Power Prevent dominance of one power

    3. Conflict & Peace

    • Deterrence: threat to prevent war

    • Arms control: limitation of weapons

    • Collective security: attack on one is attack on all

    • Peacekeeping: UN monitoring and mediation

    4. Major International Institutions

    Name Purpose
    UN peace, security & cooperation
    IMF & World Bank

    financial stability & development
    WTO global trade rules
    SAARC / ASEAN regional cooperation

    5. Post-Cold War Themes

    • Unipolarity vs multipolarity

    • Globalization

    • Rise of China / US competition

    • Identity-based conflicts