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Tag: Chapter – 2

  • Chapter-2-Understanding the Weather, Class 7th, Social Science, NCERT

    NCERT Questions and Activities (with Answers)

    Q1. Match the instrument with the weather element it measures.

    • (1) Hygrometer → (d) Humidity

    • (2) Anemometer → (c) Wind direction and speed

    • (3) Barometer → (b) Atmospheric pressure

    • (4) Thermometer → (e) Temperature

    • (5) Rain gauge → (a) Precipitation

    Q2. Jyotsna is deciding what clothes to pack for her school trip to Mumbai in June. She looks at the weather forecast, which predicts 29°C and 84% humidity. What would be your advice to her?
    → She should pack light cotton clothes that are airy and comfortable. Since humidity is high, she should avoid heavy clothes. Carrying an umbrella or raincoat is also useful as June is the rainy season in Mumbai.

    Q3. Imagine that a small group of students is setting up a rain gauge. Here are some options for the site.

      1. The school vegetable garden.

      1. The terrace of the school building.

      1. Open ground with elevated platform.

      1. Compound wall of school.

      1. Verandah of the school laboratory.

    Answer:
    The best place is open ground with elevated platform (Option 3).

    • It is away from walls, trees, and buildings.

    • Rain can fall freely into the funnel without obstruction.

    • It prevents tilting or blockage.

    Q4. Write a short script to report the weather conditions in different parts of Jammu and Kashmir on the given date (01-02-2024).

    Answer (Sample Report):
    “Good evening! Today’s weather report for Jammu and Kashmir is as follows:

    • Srinagar recorded a maximum temperature of 6.5°C and a minimum of 0.2°C, with trace rainfall.

    • Qazigund was much colder, with maximum 3.2°C and minimum –0.4°C, along with 11.8 mm rainfall.

    • Pahalgam had freezing temperatures with a minimum of –4.1°C and snowfall of 8 cm.

    • Gulmarg was the coldest, with a maximum of –2.6°C and minimum –7.6°C, and heavy snowfall of 35 cm.
      Overall, the region experienced very cold conditions with rainfall and heavy snowfall in some areas.”

    🔹 Extra Short Answer Questions (2–3 sentences)

    1. What is the difference between weather and climate?
      → Weather is the atmospheric condition of a place at a particular time, while climate is the average weather pattern over a long period of time.

    2. What does the India Meteorological Department (IMD) do?
      → The IMD measures, monitors, and predicts weather to help people prepare for conditions like heat waves, storms, and rainfall.

    3. Which instrument is used to measure humidity?
      → A hygrometer measures the amount of water vapour (humidity) in the air.

    4. Why is atmospheric pressure lower at high altitudes?
      → At higher altitudes, the air is thinner and lighter, so the pressure decreases compared to sea level.

    5. What is an automated weather station (AWS)?
      → An AWS is a self-operating station with sensors that record weather data like temperature, humidity, wind, rainfall, and pressure.

    6. What does 30 mm rainfall mean?
      → It means that if the rainwater is collected evenly on the ground, it would form a layer 30 millimetres deep.

    7. Why do pilots need wind information?
      → Wind speed and direction are important for safe take-off, landing, and flying of aircraft.

    8. Why do clothes dry slowly on humid days?
      → On humid days, the air already has a lot of water vapour, so evaporation slows down and clothes take longer to dry.

    9. What does a ‘low-pressure system’ indicate?
      → It often indicates storms, depressions, or cyclones.

    10. Which Indian state is likely to have higher humidity – Kerala or Rajasthan? Why?
      → Kerala, because it is near the sea and has a moist climate, while Rajasthan is dry and far from the sea.

    🔹 Extra Long Answer Questions (5–6 sentences)

    Q1. Explain how different instruments are used to measure weather.
    → Weather is measured with the help of many instruments. A thermometer measures temperature, while a rain gauge measures rainfall. A barometer records air pressure, a wind vane shows wind direction, and an anemometer measures wind speed. Humidity is measured by a hygrometer. All these instruments together give a complete picture of the weather.

    Q2. How do weather predictions help people?
    → Weather predictions are very important in our daily life. They help farmers decide the best time for sowing and harvesting. Fishermen are warned before storms and cyclones, which saves lives. Governments can prepare for floods, droughts, or heat waves in advance. Students, travellers, and common people can plan their activities according to the weather forecast.

    Q3. Describe the importance of humidity in weather.
    → Humidity is the amount of water vapour in the air. It affects rainfall, fog, and cloud formation. High humidity makes the weather feel hotter, while low humidity causes dryness. It is measured using a hygrometer. Humidity also affects agriculture, human comfort, and industries like food processing and textiles.

  • Chapter 2 – Oceans and Continents, Class 6th, Social Science, NCERT

    Q1. Explain the following terms:

    (a) Continent – A continent is a very large continuous landmass surrounded by oceans. There are seven continents on Earth: Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia.

    (b) Ocean – Oceans are vast bodies of salt water covering about three-fourths of the Earth’s surface. The five main oceans are the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic, and Southern Oceans.

    (c) Island – An island is a piece of land surrounded by water on all sides but smaller than a continent. Example: Greenland, Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

    Q2. Let us draw – Without looking at the maps in this chapter, draw the continents free hand on a sheet of paper and colour them. Then compare your drawing with the map of oceans and continents in the chapter.

    Answer (Guidance for students):

    • Draw a rough sketch of the world map.
    • Colour the continents in different colours (e.g., Asia – yellow, Africa – green, North America – pink, South America – orange, Europe – purple, Australia – red, Antarctica – blue).
    • Colour all oceans in blue.
    • Then compare with the map in your book and check shapes, positions, and sizes.

    Q3. Let us do – On the outline map of the world given below, label all the continents and oceans.

    Answer (Guidance):

    • Mark and label:
      • Continents: Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, Australia.
      • Oceans: Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Arctic Ocean, Southern Ocean.

    Q4. Solve this crossword.

    Across

    1. Oxygen
    2. Continent
    3. Asia
    4. Plastic
    5. Antarctica

    Down
    2. Greenland
    4. Tsunami
    5. Australia
    7. Pacific
    9. Island

    Q4. Name the seven continents in order of size (largest to smallest).

    Answer:

    1. Asia
    2. Africa
    3. North America
    4. South America
    5. Antarctica
    6. Europe
    7. Australia

    Q5. What are tsunamis and how are they caused?

    Answer (60–70 words):
    A tsunami is a giant ocean wave caused by underwater earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or landslides. The sudden movement of the sea floor displaces a huge amount of water, creating powerful waves that travel across the ocean. When they reach shallow coastal areas, these waves rise high and cause destruction. The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami is an example, which affected Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and the Andaman & Nicobar Islands.

    Q6. What is the difference between an island and a continent?

    Answer:

    • Continent: Very large continuous landmass (e.g., Asia, Africa).
    • Island: Smaller landmass surrounded by water (e.g., Greenland, Andaman).

    Q7. Why is saving oceans important for our future?

    Answer (80–90 words):
    Oceans are called the “lungs of the planet” because they produce most of the oxygen we breathe. They also provide food, medicines, water cycle balance, and climate control. However, pollution, plastic waste, and overfishing are threatening marine life. If we don’t protect oceans, it will harm biodiversity and human survival. Saving oceans is necessary for a healthy planet and for future generations.

    Extra Questions – Oceans and Continents

    Q1. Why is the Earth called the “blue planet”?

    Answer:
    The Earth is called the blue planet because nearly three-fourths of its surface is covered with water. From space, the oceans give the Earth a bluish appearance, making it look mostly blue.

    Q2. Which is the largest and which is the smallest ocean?

    Answer:

    • The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean.
    • The Arctic Ocean is the smallest ocean.

    Q3. How do oceans influence the climate of the Earth?

    Answer (70–80 words):
    Oceans store and distribute heat across the planet. They bring rainfall to the continents through the water cycle and regulate temperature by absorbing heat. For example, the Indian Ocean gives rise to monsoon rains, which are vital for agriculture in India. Oceans also produce more than half of the world’s oxygen, making them essential for life and climate balance.