NCERT Questions and Activities (with Answers)
Q1. Match the instrument with the weather element it measures.
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(1) Hygrometer → (d) Humidity
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(2) Anemometer → (c) Wind direction and speed
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(3) Barometer → (b) Atmospheric pressure
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(4) Thermometer → (e) Temperature
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(5) Rain gauge → (a) Precipitation
Q2. Jyotsna is deciding what clothes to pack for her school trip to Mumbai in June. She looks at the weather forecast, which predicts 29°C and 84% humidity. What would be your advice to her?
→ She should pack light cotton clothes that are airy and comfortable. Since humidity is high, she should avoid heavy clothes. Carrying an umbrella or raincoat is also useful as June is the rainy season in Mumbai.
Q3. Imagine that a small group of students is setting up a rain gauge. Here are some options for the site.
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The school vegetable garden.
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The terrace of the school building.
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Open ground with elevated platform.
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Compound wall of school.
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Verandah of the school laboratory.
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Answer:
The best place is open ground with elevated platform (Option 3).
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It is away from walls, trees, and buildings.
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Rain can fall freely into the funnel without obstruction.
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It prevents tilting or blockage.
Q4. Write a short script to report the weather conditions in different parts of Jammu and Kashmir on the given date (01-02-2024).
Answer (Sample Report):
“Good evening! Today’s weather report for Jammu and Kashmir is as follows:
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Srinagar recorded a maximum temperature of 6.5°C and a minimum of 0.2°C, with trace rainfall.
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Qazigund was much colder, with maximum 3.2°C and minimum –0.4°C, along with 11.8 mm rainfall.
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Pahalgam had freezing temperatures with a minimum of –4.1°C and snowfall of 8 cm.
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Gulmarg was the coldest, with a maximum of –2.6°C and minimum –7.6°C, and heavy snowfall of 35 cm.
Overall, the region experienced very cold conditions with rainfall and heavy snowfall in some areas.”
🔹 Extra Short Answer Questions (2–3 sentences)
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What is the difference between weather and climate?
→ Weather is the atmospheric condition of a place at a particular time, while climate is the average weather pattern over a long period of time. -
What does the India Meteorological Department (IMD) do?
→ The IMD measures, monitors, and predicts weather to help people prepare for conditions like heat waves, storms, and rainfall. -
Which instrument is used to measure humidity?
→ A hygrometer measures the amount of water vapour (humidity) in the air. -
Why is atmospheric pressure lower at high altitudes?
→ At higher altitudes, the air is thinner and lighter, so the pressure decreases compared to sea level. -
What is an automated weather station (AWS)?
→ An AWS is a self-operating station with sensors that record weather data like temperature, humidity, wind, rainfall, and pressure. -
What does 30 mm rainfall mean?
→ It means that if the rainwater is collected evenly on the ground, it would form a layer 30 millimetres deep. -
Why do pilots need wind information?
→ Wind speed and direction are important for safe take-off, landing, and flying of aircraft. -
Why do clothes dry slowly on humid days?
→ On humid days, the air already has a lot of water vapour, so evaporation slows down and clothes take longer to dry. -
What does a ‘low-pressure system’ indicate?
→ It often indicates storms, depressions, or cyclones. -
Which Indian state is likely to have higher humidity – Kerala or Rajasthan? Why?
→ Kerala, because it is near the sea and has a moist climate, while Rajasthan is dry and far from the sea.
🔹 Extra Long Answer Questions (5–6 sentences)
Q1. Explain how different instruments are used to measure weather.
→ Weather is measured with the help of many instruments. A thermometer measures temperature, while a rain gauge measures rainfall. A barometer records air pressure, a wind vane shows wind direction, and an anemometer measures wind speed. Humidity is measured by a hygrometer. All these instruments together give a complete picture of the weather.
Q2. How do weather predictions help people?
→ Weather predictions are very important in our daily life. They help farmers decide the best time for sowing and harvesting. Fishermen are warned before storms and cyclones, which saves lives. Governments can prepare for floods, droughts, or heat waves in advance. Students, travellers, and common people can plan their activities according to the weather forecast.
Q3. Describe the importance of humidity in weather.
→ Humidity is the amount of water vapour in the air. It affects rainfall, fog, and cloud formation. High humidity makes the weather feel hotter, while low humidity causes dryness. It is measured using a hygrometer. Humidity also affects agriculture, human comfort, and industries like food processing and textiles.