UGC NET Political Science Unit 5 — International Relations – Top Questions

Q1. Who is regarded as the father of Classical Realism in International Relations?

1. Kenneth Waltz

2. Hans J. Morgenthau

3. Hedley Bull

4. Robert Keohane

Answer: 2
Explanation: Morgenthau’s Politics Among Nations established classical realism focusing on power, national interest and conflict.

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Q2. Who developed Neo-Realism (Structural Realism)?

1. Thucydides

2. Morgenthau

3. Kenneth Waltz

4. Kissinger

Answer: 3
Explanation: Waltz emphasised the structure of the international system (anarchy, distribution of capabilities) rather than human nature.

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Q3. Which theory argues that international cooperation is possible through institutions and interdependence?

1. Realism

2. Neo-Realism

3. Neoliberalism

4. Marxism

Answer: 3
Explanation: Neoliberal institutionalists (Keohane, Nye) highlight cooperation through international regimes & organizations.

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Q4. The concept of Soft Power was introduced by—

1. Waltz

2. Nye

3. Huntington

4. Morgenthau

Answer: 2
Explanation: Soft power means influence through culture, diplomacy & values rather than coercion.

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Q5. The United Nations was founded in—

1. 1919

2. 1939

3. 1945

4. 1950

Answer: 3
Explanation: UN was created after World War II to maintain peace and prevent conflicts.

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Q6. SAARC was established in—

1. 1975

2. 1985

3. 1995

4. 2000

Answer: 2
Explanation: SAARC was formed to promote regional cooperation among South Asian nations.

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Q7. Which of the following is NOT a principal organ of the United Nations?

1. Trusteeship Council

2. Security Council

3. International Red Cross

4. General Assembly

Answer: 3
Explanation: Red Cross is an independent humanitarian institution, not part of UN organs.

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Q8. Which theory argues that the world economy is divided into core, semi-periphery and periphery regions?

1. Dependency Theory

2. World Systems Theory

3. Modernization Theory

4. Behavioural Theory

Answer: 2
Explanation: Immanuel Wallerstein’s world systems theory explains global inequality within capitalist world economy.

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Q9. Which country is NOT a permanent member of the UN Security Council?

1. USA

2. Russia

3. Japan

4. France

Answer: 3
Explanation: Only five permanent members have veto power—USA, UK, France, Russia, China.

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Q10. Non-Aligned Movement was formally established at—

1. Bandung (1955)

2. Belgrade (1961)

3. Cairo (1964)

4. Havana (1979)

Answer: 2
Explanation: NAM emerged during the Cold War to avoid alignment with power blocs.

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🅑 Assertion – Reason Questions

Q11.

Assertion (A): Realists believe international politics is a struggle for power.
Reason (R): They argue that anarchy forces states to compete for survival.

• A & R both true, R explains A

Answer: Correct
Explanation: Realists see no central authority; security competition is natural.

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Q12.

Assertion (A): Liberal institutionalism promotes international cooperation.
Reason (R): International organizations reduce uncertainty and transaction costs.

• A & R both true, R explains A

Answer: Correct
Explanation: Institutions provide information, rules, monitoring & mediation.

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🅒 Match the Following

Q13. Match List I with List II

Answer: A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4

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Q14. Match List I with List II

Answer: A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4

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🅓 Topic-Wise Explanation Notes (Short & Simple)

1. Major Approaches in International Relations

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2. Key Concepts

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3. Conflict & Peace

• Deterrence: threat to prevent war

• Arms control: limitation of weapons

• Collective security: attack on one is attack on all

• Peacekeeping: UN monitoring and mediation

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4. Major International Institutions

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5. Post-Cold War Themes

• Unipolarity vs multipolarity

• Globalization

• Rise of China / US competition

• Identity-based conflicts