Organisational Behaviour & Human Resource Management
Section A – Organisational Behaviour: Concept, Significance & Theories
1. Organisational Behaviour (OB) is the study of _______.
A. Machines and processes
B. Human behaviour in organisations
C. Technical skills
D. Business environment
Answer: B
Explanation: OB focuses on understanding and predicting human behaviour in the workplace.
2. The term “Organisational Behaviour” is mainly derived from:
A. Sociology
B. Psychology
C. Anthropology
D. All of these
Answer: D
Explanation: OB draws concepts from psychology, sociology, anthropology, and political science.
3. The Hawthorne Experiments were conducted by:
A. F.W. Taylor
B. Henri Fayol
C. Elton Mayo
D. Max Weber
Answer: C
Explanation: Elton Mayo’s studies emphasized the importance of social factors at work.
4. Which of the following theories emphasized human relations?
A. Classical Theory
B. Bureaucratic Theory
C. Neo-Classical Theory
D. Contingency Theory
Answer: C
Explanation: Neo-classical theory highlighted the significance of human needs and relationships.
5. Systems Theory views an organization as:
A. A mechanical system
B. A closed system
C. An open system interacting with environment
D. A random system
Answer: C
Explanation: The Systems Approach considers an organization as an open system.
6. “There is no one best way to manage” is the essence of:
A. Systems Theory
B. Contingency Theory
C. Bureaucratic Theory
D. Classical Theory
Answer: B
Explanation: Contingency Theory states that management style depends on situational variables.
7. OB helps managers to _______.
A. Predict and control employee behaviour
B. Eliminate conflicts
C. Reduce wages
D. None
Answer: A
Explanation: OB helps in understanding and influencing employee behaviour effectively.
8. A system approach in OB recognizes:
A. Individual isolation
B. Interdependence of subsystems
C. Departmental hierarchy
D. Autocracy
Answer: B
Explanation: Systems approach focuses on interdependence of individuals, groups, and environment.
9. The study of individuals and groups in organizations is called:
A. Industrial psychology
B. Organisational Behaviour
C. Human Engineering
D. Management
Answer: B
10. The ultimate objective of OB is:
A. Profit maximization
B. Employee turnover
C. Organizational effectiveness
D. Bureaucracy
Answer: C
Explanation: OB seeks to improve organizational performance and effectiveness.
🔹 Section B – Individual Behaviour: Personality, Perception, Values, Attitudes, Learning & Motivation
11. Personality is the sum total of:
A. Physical traits only
B. Mental ability only
C. Ways an individual reacts and interacts
D. Intelligence
Answer: C
12. The “Big Five” model of personality includes all except:
A. Openness
B. Conscientiousness
C. Introversion
D. Agreeableness
Answer: C
Explanation: Introversion is not part of Big Five; it includes neuroticism instead.
13. Perception is the process of:
A. Storing information
B. Selecting, organizing and interpreting stimuli
C. Emotional control
D. Mental relaxation
Answer: B
14. Stereotyping is a type of:
A. Learning
B. Perception error
C. Motivation
D. Personality trait
Answer: B
15. Values are:
A. Temporary beliefs
B. Enduring beliefs about right and wrong
C. Situational behaviors
D. Emotions
Answer: B
16. According to Festinger, inconsistency between attitude and behaviour leads to:
A. Cognitive harmony
B. Cognitive dissonance
C. Motivation
D. Job satisfaction
Answer: B
17. Learning can be defined as:
A. Permanent change in behaviour through experience
B. Temporary reaction
C. Genetic ability
D. Emotional response
Answer: A
18. Classical conditioning was proposed by:
A. Pavlov
B. Skinner
C. Bandura
D. Maslow
Answer: A
19. Operant conditioning theory emphasizes:
A. Reinforcement
B. Observation
C. Association
D. Instinct
Answer: A
20. Social Learning theory was given by:
A. Herzberg
B. Bandura
C. McGregor
D. Alderfer
Answer: B
🔹 Section C – Motivation Theories
21. According to Maslow, self-actualization is:
A. Basic need
B. Safety need
C. Growth need
D. Social need
Answer: C
22. Herzberg’s two-factor theory includes:
A. Hygiene and Motivators
B. Rewards and Penalties
C. Needs and Desires
D. Drives and Goals
Answer: A
23. In Vroom’s Expectancy Theory, motivation = _______.
A. Expectancy + Valence
B. Expectancy × Valence × Instrumentality
C. Reward × Effort
D. Ability × Effort
Answer: B
24. Equity Theory is associated with:
A. Fairness perception
B. Group motivation
C. Leadership
D. Conflict
Answer: A
25. Goal Setting Theory was proposed by:
A. Maslow
B. McGregor
C. Locke
D. Taylor
Answer: C
26. Alderfer’s ERG theory condenses Maslow’s needs into:
A. Two categories
B. Three categories
C. Four categories
D. Five categories
Answer: B
27. In Expectancy theory, “Valence” means:
A. Perceived probability of success
B. Value of outcome to the individual
C. Link between effort and reward
D. Reward system
Answer: B
28. According to McGregor, Theory X managers assume employees are:
A. Self-motivated
B. Lazy and avoid work
C. Innovative
D. Independent
Answer: B
29. Theory Y managers believe employees are:
A. Work-haters
B. Creative and responsible
C. Passive
D. Unreliable
Answer: B
30. Motivation leads to:
A. Behavioural change
B. Discipline only
C. Fear
D. Conflict
Answer: A
🔹 Section D – Group Behaviour and Leadership
31. A group of people who interact to achieve goals is called:
A. Group
B. Crowd
C. Union
D. Gathering
Answer: A
32. Stages of group development (Tuckman) include:
A. Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, Adjourning
B. Planning, Leading, Controlling
C. Design, Build, Operate
D. Hire, Train, Fire
Answer: A
33. Informal groups are formed:
A. By management
B. Socially by employees
C. By HR department
D. By unions
Answer: B
34. Team building mainly focuses on:
A. Technical efficiency
B. Coordination and cooperation
C. Profit maximization
D. Training
Answer: B
35. Leadership is primarily concerned with:
A. Directing people to achieve goals
B. Planning only
C. Controlling finance
D. Negotiation
Answer: A
36. Trait Theory assumes:
A. Leaders are born
B. Leaders are made
C. Leadership is situational
D. Leadership is transactional
Answer: A
37. According to Fiedler’s model, leadership effectiveness depends on:
A. Task structure only
B. Situation and leader’s style match
C. Personality only
D. Rewards
Answer: B
38. Transformational leadership focuses on:
A. Short-term exchange
B. Inspiring and transforming followers
C. Strict control
D. Rewards only
Answer: B
39. Transactional leadership emphasizes:
A. Vision
B. Rewards and punishments
C. Motivation
D. Empowerment
Answer: B
40. Situational leadership theory was given by:
A. Hersey and Blanchard
B. Maslow
C. Fiedler
D. Skinner
Answer: A
🔹 Section E – Interpersonal Behaviour & Transactional Analysis
41. Transactional Analysis was developed by:
A. Daniel Goleman
B. Eric Berne
C. Elton Mayo
D. Kurt Lewin
Answer: B
42. The three ego states in TA are:
A. Parent, Adult, Child
B. High, Medium, Low
C. Leader, Follower, Neutral
D. Positive, Negative, Neutral
Answer: A
43. A complementary transaction results in:
A. Conflict
B. Smooth communication
C. Manipulation
D. Misunderstanding
Answer: B
44. Crossed transactions lead to:
A. Harmony
B. Miscommunication or conflict
C. Agreement
D. Productivity
Answer: B
45. Interpersonal behaviour primarily deals with:
A. Technical communication
B. Interaction between individuals
C. Machine control
D. Production methods
Answer: B
🔹 Section F – Organisational Culture, Climate & Diversity
46. Organisational Culture refers to:
A. Shared values and beliefs
B. Rules and regulations
C. Salary structure
D. Legal system
Answer: A
47. Organizational Climate reflects:
A. Employees’ perception of work environment
B. Official hierarchy
C. Job description
D. Pay level
Answer: A
48. Difference between culture and climate is that culture is _______.
A. Temporary
B. Surface-level perception
C. Deep-rooted and stable
D. Always negative
Answer: C
49. According to Charles Handy, “Role Culture” emphasizes:
A. Authority
B. Defined rules and hierarchy
C. Innovation
D. Freedom
Answer: B
50. Hofstede’s framework of culture includes all except:
A. Power distance
B. Uncertainty avoidance
C. Leadership style
D. Individualism vs Collectivism
Answer: C
51. Workforce diversity includes:
A. Age, gender, ethnicity, culture
B. Similar backgrounds
C. Same education level
D. None
Answer: A
52. Diversity in workplace enhances:
A. Conflicts only
B. Creativity and innovation
C. Uniformity
D. Bureaucracy
Answer: B
53. Major challenge of workforce diversity:
A. Team communication
B. Homogeneity
C. High pay
D. Automation
Answer: A
54. Cross-cultural OB helps to:
A. Ignore cultural values
B. Understand global workforce
C. Reduce global business
D. Centralize control
Answer: B
55. High power distance culture means:
A. Equality in power
B. Acceptance of hierarchy
C. Strong democracy
D. Open criticism
Answer: B
🔹 Section G – Emotions, Stress & Justice
56. Emotional Intelligence concept is given by:
A. Elton Mayo
B. Daniel Goleman
C. Maslow
D. McGregor
Answer: B
57. Components of Emotional Intelligence include all except:
A. Self-awareness
B. Self-regulation
C. Technical ability
D. Empathy
Answer: C
58. Positive stress is called:
A. Eustress
B. Distress
C. Hyperstress
D. Hypostress
Answer: A
59. Negative stress causing harm is:
A. Distress
B. Eustress
C. Challenge
D. Stability
Answer: A
60. Stress can be reduced by:
A. Meditation
B. Time management
C. Counselling
D. All of these
Answer: D
61. Organizational justice means:
A. Ethical accounting
B. Fairness in workplace decisions
C. Political power
D. Employee turnover
Answer: B
62. Distributive justice relates to:
A. Fairness of procedures
B. Fairness of outcomes
C. Fair communication
D. Leadership
Answer: B
63. Procedural justice refers to:
A. Fair processes
B. Fair results
C. Fair emotions
D. Legal justice
Answer: A
64. Interactional justice emphasizes:
A. Respect and communication
B. Legal rules
C. Rewards
D. Punishment
Answer: A
65. Whistle-blowing means:
A. Reporting unethical practices
B. Team meeting
C. Training
D. Public relations
Answer: A
🔹 Section H – HRM: Concept, Perspectives, Trends
66. HRM stands for:
A. Human Resource Management
B. Human Rights Management
C. Human Relation Model
D. Human Responsibility Method
Answer: A
67. HRM is primarily concerned with:
A. Managing machines
B. Managing people at work
C. Managing production
D. Managing finance
Answer: B
68. Hard HRM focuses on:
A. Employee welfare
B. Control and efficiency
C. Motivation
D. Learning
Answer: B
69. Soft HRM emphasizes:
A. Development and people-orientation
B. Cost cutting
C. Centralization
D. Rules
Answer: A
70. Strategic HRM links HR practices with:
A. Financial decisions
B. Organizational strategy
C. Technology
D. Legal compliance
Answer: B
71. Recent HRM trends include all except:
A. HR analytics
B. Talent management
C. Gig work culture
D. Centralized control
Answer: D
72. Main objective of HRM:
A. Optimal utilization of human talent
B. Maximizing production only
C. Increasing employee turnover
D. None
Answer: A
🔹 Section I – HR Planning, Recruitment & Training
73. HR Planning ensures:
A. Right number of people at right time
B. Cost reduction
C. Job rotation
D. Staff removal
Answer: A
74. First step in HR planning is:
A. Forecasting demand
B. Assessing current HR inventory
C. Recruitment
D. Selection
Answer: B
75. Recruitment is a _______ process.
A. Negative
B. Filtering
C. Positive (attracting candidates)
D. Eliminating
Answer: C
76. Selection process is:
A. Choosing right candidate
B. Advertising
C. Induction
D. Training
Answer: A
77. Induction aims at:
A. Orientation and familiarization of new employees
B. Job evaluation
C. Reward system
D. Training
Answer: A
78. Training focuses on:
A. Present job performance
B. Future managerial skills
C. Promotions
D. Appraisal
Answer: A
79. Development is concerned with:
A. Future growth of employees
B. Job rotation only
C. Production
D. Pay
Answer: A
80. On-the-job training includes:
A. Lectures
B. Coaching, Job rotation
C. Simulation
D. Conferences
Answer: B
81. Off-the-job training includes:
A. Job instruction
B. Role play and case study
C. Coaching
D. Apprenticeship
Answer: B
82. The first level of training evaluation (Kirkpatrick Model) is:
A. Learning
B. Reaction
C. Behavior
D. Results
Answer: B
🔹 Section J – Job Analysis, Evaluation & Compensation
83. Job Analysis produces:
A. Job Description and Job Specification
B. Training modules
C. Payroll
D. Reward chart
Answer: A
84. Job Description defines:
A. Duties and responsibilities
B. Employee’s age
C. Skill level
D. Salary
Answer: A
85. Job Specification includes:
A. Job duties
B. Personal qualities and skills required
C. Job hierarchy
D. Salary
Answer: B
86. Job Evaluation aims to:
A. Find relative worth of jobs
B. Fix bonuses
C. Design organization
D. Recruit employees
Answer: A
87. The simplest method of job evaluation:
A. Point rating
B. Ranking method
C. Factor comparison
D. Analytical hierarchy
Answer: B
88. Compensation Management deals with:
A. Wages, salaries and benefits
B. HR planning
C. Training
D. Appraisal
Answer: A
89. Fringe benefits include:
A. House rent, leave, insurance
B. Overtime
C. Bonus only
D. None
Answer: A
90. Job Evaluation ensures:
A. Internal equity
B. External equity
C. Wage control
D. Both A and B
Answer: D
Section K – Miscellaneous & Revision
91. Organizational Behaviour is primarily a _______ science.
A. Pure
B. Applied
C. Natural
D. Physical
Answer: B
92. Personality is influenced by:
A. Heredity
B. Environment
C. Situation
D. All of these
Answer: D
93. Emotional stability refers to:
A. Calmness under stress
B. Aggressiveness
C. Nervousness
D. Laziness
Answer: A
94. The process of comparing performance with standards belongs to:
A. Controlling
B. Motivation
C. Coordination
D. Evaluation
Answer: A
95. Leadership differs from management because:
A. Leadership focuses on influencing people
B. Management focuses only on planning
C. Both are same
D. None
Answer: A
96. Self-regulation in Emotional Intelligence means:
A. Managing one’s emotions
B. Managing others’ emotions
C. Avoiding teamwork
D. Ignoring problems
Answer: A
97. Diversity management helps organizations to:
A. Compete globally
B. Increase conflicts
C. Hire locals only
D. Avoid change
Answer: A
98. Whistle Blower Protection Act (India) was enacted in:
A. 2010
B. 2014
C. 2016
D. 2019
Answer: B
99. The person who coined “Theory X and Theory Y” is:
A. McGregor
B. Maslow
C. Herzberg
D. Vroom
Answer: A
100. OB and HRM are related because both deal with:
A. Human behaviour and management of people
B. Finance
C. Machines
D. Technology
Answer: A