🧩 Section 1: Nature & Approaches (1–15)
1. The institutional approach in comparative politics primarily studies:
A. Political culture
B. Political institutions and their structures
C. Economic systems
D. Political economy
âś… Answer: B
Explanation: It focuses on formal institutions like constitutions, legislatures, and executives.
2. Who is associated with the concept of “Civic Culture”?
A. Almond and Verba
B. Easton and Deutsch
C. Dahl and Lijphart
D. Lipset and Huntington
âś… Answer: A
Explanation: Gabriel Almond and Sidney Verba’s The Civic Culture (1963) is foundational to political culture studies.
3. “Most Similar Systems Design” is a method used in:
A. Historical analysis
B. Comparative politics
C. Political philosophy
D. Public administration
âś… Answer: B
Explanation: It compares countries that are similar in most respects but differ in one key variable.
4. The New Institutionalism emphasizes:
A. Only legal institutions
B. Formal and informal rules shaping behavior
C. Culture alone
D. Economic class
âś… Answer: B
Explanation: New institutionalism studies how rules, norms, and culture influence decisions.
5. Who among the following is associated with “Historical Institutionalism”?
A. March and Olsen
B. Wallerstein
C. Frank
D. Lipset
âś… Answer: A
Explanation: James March and Johan Olsen developed the new institutionalism framework.
6. The behavioral revolution in political science began in the:
A. 1930s
B. 1950s
C. 1970s
D. 1980s
âś… Answer: B
Explanation: The 1950s saw the behavioral revolution emphasizing empirical and scientific study of politics.
7. Political economy approach was deeply influenced by:
A. Marxist theory
B. Liberalism
C. Structural functionalism
D. Postmodernism
âś… Answer: A
Explanation: Political economy approach studies how economic structures shape politics — a Marxist perspective.
8. “Post-behavioral revolution” in political science emphasized:
A. Empirical data
B. Values and relevance
C. Legal institutions
D. Quantitative methods
âś… Answer: B
Explanation: It sought a balance between value-free study and practical relevance.
9. Which approach focuses on political values, attitudes, and beliefs of citizens?
A. Political culture approach
B. Institutional approach
C. Structural-functional approach
D. Rational choice approach
âś… Answer: A
10. Structural-functionalism was developed by:
A. Easton and Almond
B. Weber and Marx
C. Mill and Locke
D. Rawls and Nozick
âś… Answer: A
Explanation: Almond and Easton used the structural-functional approach to analyze political systems.
11. The comparative method seeks to:
A. Develop universal laws of politics
B. Study a single system
C. Study political thought
D. Focus on ethics
âś… Answer: A
12. Political modernization theory belongs to:
A. Structuralism
B. Developmentalism
C. Feminism
D. Post-structuralism
âś… Answer: B
Explanation: Modernization theorists viewed political development as a process toward Western liberal democracy.
13. Almond described the political system as:
A. Closed and rigid
B. Adaptive and open
C. Fixed and linear
D. Traditional and limited
âś… Answer: B
14. Rational choice institutionalism is based on:
A. Cultural beliefs
B. Historical legacies
C. Cost-benefit decision-making
D. Moral values
âś… Answer: C
15. Comparative politics became a distinct discipline after:
A. WWII
B. WWI
C. Cold War
D. 1990s globalization
âś… Answer: A
🌍 Section 2: Colonialism, Nationalism, and Decolonization (16–25)
16. Settler colonialism involves:
A. Economic exploitation without migration
B. Permanent settlement of colonizers
C. Cultural domination only
D. Religious mission
âś… Answer: B
17. “Neo-colonialism” refers to:
A. Direct political rule
B. Economic and cultural domination after independence
C. Pre-colonial influence
D. Feudal dependence
âś… Answer: B
18. Who wrote The Wretched of the Earth, analyzing decolonization and violence?
A. Fanon
B. Nkrumah
C. Lenin
D. Gandhi
âś… Answer: A
19. Kwame Nkrumah’s “Neo-colonialism” concept relates to:
A. Political nationalism
B. Economic dependence
C. Military expansion
D. Cultural alienation
âś… Answer: B
20. Anti-colonial nationalism in Asia and Africa was largely:
A. Liberal
B. Anti-imperialist
C. Socialist only
D. Reactionary
âś… Answer: B
21. Rabindranath Tagore criticized nationalism as:
A. Necessary for unity
B. Mechanical and soulless
C. Spiritual and divine
D. Liberal and Western
âś… Answer: B
22. “Pan-Africanism” was led by:
A. Nyerere
B. Nkrumah
C. Senghor
D. Fanon
âś… Answer: B
23. European nationalism emerged with:
A. Feudalism
B. Industrial Revolution and French Revolution
C. Globalization
D. Renaissance
âś… Answer: B
24. Non-European nationalism was mainly:
A. Expansionist
B. Anti-colonial
C. Isolationist
D. Theocratic
âś… Answer: B
25. Post-colonial states face which of the following challenges?
A. Nation-building
B. Political stability
C. Development and dependency
D. All of the above
âś… Answer: D
🏛 Section 3: State Theory (26–35)
26. According to Marx, the state is:
A. Neutral arbiter
B. Instrument of class domination
C. Representative of general will
D. Product of divine law
âś… Answer: B
27. The Miliband–Poulantzas debate is about:
A. Nature of capitalist state
B. Bureaucratic structure
C. Socialist revolutions
D. Neo-colonialism
âś… Answer: A
28. Poulantzas represented which Marxist school?
A. Instrumentalist
B. Structuralist
C. Revisionist
D. Leninist
âś… Answer: B
29. In a welfare state, the government ensures:
A. Market freedom only
B. Social and economic justice
C. Privatization
D. Minimal intervention
âś… Answer: B
30. “Post-colonial state” is characterized by:
A. Economic independence
B. Weak institutions and dependency
C. Mature democracy
D. Industrialization
âś… Answer: B
31. Globalization challenges the state by:
A. Increasing sovereignty
B. Reducing economic control
C. Removing international law
D. Abolishing borders
âś… Answer: B
32. The “Withering away of the State” is a concept in:
A. Marxism
B. Liberalism
C. Realism
D. Fascism
âś… Answer: A
33. Welfare state concept gained prominence after:
A. WWI
B. WWII
C. Cold War
D. Great Depression
âś… Answer: B
34. The post-colonial state is often described as:
A. Democratic and self-reliant
B. Authoritarian and dependent
C. Communist
D. Decentralized
âś… Answer: B
35. “Embedded autonomy” of the state is a concept by:
A. Evans
B. Poulantzas
C. Alavi
D. Wallerstein
âś… Answer: A
Explanation: Peter Evans described the developmental state as “embedded yet autonomous.”
⚖️ Section 4: Political Regimes and Constitutions (36–45)
36. Which of the following is a liberal democracy?
A. China
B. North Korea
C. UK
D. Iran
âś… Answer: C
37. “Majoritarian democracy” often leads to:
A. Inclusion of minorities
B. Minority exclusion
C. Consensus politics
D. Coalition politics
âś… Answer: B
38. Patrimonialism refers to:
A. Rule based on bureaucratic norms
B. Rule based on personal loyalty
C. Rule of law
D. Rule by consensus
âś… Answer: B
39. Bureaucratic authoritarian regimes combine:
A. Bureaucrats and technocrats with military
B. Peasants and workers
C. Civil society and NGOs
D. Religion and democracy
âś… Answer: A
40. Totalitarian regimes seek control over:
A. Economy only
B. Political opposition only
C. Entire society and thought
D. Media only
âś… Answer: C
41. Fascism promotes:
A. Individual liberty
B. Extreme nationalism and dictatorship
C. Class equality
D. Pacifism
âś… Answer: B
42. Liberal constitutionalism emphasizes:
A. Unlimited government
B. Concentration of power
C. Rule of law and limited government
D. Party control
âś… Answer: C
43. “Crisis of constitutionalism” arises when:
A. Emergency powers are abused
B. Judiciary is independent
C. Constitution is amended
D. Citizens obey law
âś… Answer: A
44. Judicial independence means:
A. Judges appointed by public
B. Courts free from political interference
C. Executive controls judiciary
D. Parliament decides judgments
âś… Answer: B
45. Example of a participatory democracy:
A. Saudi Arabia
B. Switzerland
C. China
D. Russia
âś… Answer: B
🗳 Section 5: Democratization & Development (46–60)
46. Democratization means:
A. Rise of dictatorship
B. Spread and consolidation of democracy
C. Fall of liberalism
D. Industrialization
âś… Answer: B
47. “Third Wave of Democracy” was described by:
A. Huntington
B. Dahl
C. Lipset
D. O’Donnell
âś… Answer: A
48. Democratic transition often results from:
A. Military coup
B. Authoritarian rule
C. Mass mobilization or elite pact
D. Economic stagnation
âś… Answer: C
49. Democratic consolidation means:
A. First election
B. Institutionalization of democracy
C. Coup
D. Emergency
âś… Answer: B
50. According to Lipset, democracy is likely to sustain when:
A. Economy is strong and middle class is large
B. Society is poor
C. Religion dominates
D. Inequality rises
âś… Answer: A
51. Dependency theory argues:
A. Development depends on global trade
B. Underdevelopment results from global capitalism
C. Developing countries can catch up easily
D. Free market ensures equality
âś… Answer: B
52. World Systems Theory divides the world into:
A. East–West
B. Core, Periphery, Semi-periphery
C. North–South
D. Capitalist–Socialist
âś… Answer: B
53. Rostow’s stages of growth theory belongs to:
A. Modernization school
B. Dependency school
C. Marxism
D. Feminism
âś… Answer: A
54. “Development and Democracy” relationship was proposed by:
A. Lipset
B. Huntington
C. Marx
D. Weber
âś… Answer: A
55. Modernization theory has been criticized for being:
A. Ethnocentric and Western-biased
B. Empirical
C. Revolutionary
D. Marxist
âś… Answer: A
56. Sustainable development emphasizes:
A. Economic growth only
B. Growth with environmental protection
C. Industrialization at any cost
D. Privatization
âś… Answer: B
57. Neo-liberal development stresses:
A. State control
B. Market liberalization and privatization
C. Socialist planning
D. Isolationism
âś… Answer: B
58. Underdevelopment, according to Andre Gunder Frank, is:
A. Historical accident
B. Created by global capitalism
C. Natural state
D. Irreversible
âś… Answer: B
59. Immanuel Wallerstein’s “World System” is a type of:
A. Marxist theory
B. Liberal theory
C. Nationalist theory
D. Feminist theory
âś… Answer: A
60. Post-development thinkers criticize:
A. Growth-centered development
B. Environment protection
C. Cultural diversity
D. Democracy
âś… Answer: A
⚙️ Section 6: Power, Actors, and Processes (61–70)
61. The “Power Elite” theory was proposed by:
A. C. Wright Mills
B. Robert Dahl
C. Pareto
D. Mosca
âś… Answer: A
62. Democratic elitism was explained by:
A. Schumpeter
B. Mill
C. Marx
D. Weber
âś… Answer: A
63. “Circulation of elites” theory was proposed by:
A. Pareto
B. Mosca
C. Dahl
D. Mills
âś… Answer: A
64. Electoral systems convert:
A. Votes into seats
B. Laws into policies
C. Parties into ideology
D. Movements into revolutions
âś… Answer: A
65. “First-Past-the-Post” (FPTP) system favors:
A. Multi-party system
B. Two-party system
C. Coalition governments
D. PR system
âś… Answer: B
66. Proportional representation system ensures:
A. Wasted votes
B. Fair party representation
C. One-party rule
D. Majoritarianism
âś… Answer: B
67. Interest groups differ from parties because they:
A. Seek power directly
B. Influence policy without contesting elections
C. Are illegal
D. Focus only on ideology
âś… Answer: B
68. “New social movements” focus on:
A. Class conflict
B. Identity, environment, and rights
C. Nationalism
D. Economic planning
âś… Answer: B
69. Civil society acts as a:
A. Bridge between state and citizen
B. Military organization
C. Bureaucratic institution
D. Private company
âś… Answer: A
70. Which of the following is a revolutionary movement?
A. French Revolution
B. Women’s movement
C. Environmental campaign
D. Green Peace
âś… Answer: A
