Section 1: Approaches to International Relations (1–25)
1. Who is regarded as the father of modern Realism in International Relations?
A. Woodrow Wilson
B. Hans J. Morgenthau
C. Immanuel Kant
D. Kenneth Waltz
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Morgenthau’s Politics Among Nations (1948) systematized classical realism based on power and national interest.
2. Idealism believes that international relations can be improved through:
A. Power and war
B. Cooperation, law, and morality
C. Anarchy and self-help
D. Nationalism
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Idealists believe peace can be achieved via international law, morality, and institutions.
3. The statement “Anarchy is what states make of it” was given by:
A. Kenneth Waltz
B. Alexander Wendt
C. Robert Keohane
D. John Mearsheimer
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Wendt, a constructivist, argued that international anarchy is socially constructed through ideas and identities.
4. The Treaty of Westphalia (1648) is significant because it:
A. Established the League of Nations
B. Ended World War I
C. Recognized the sovereignty of states
D. Created the United Nations
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: Westphalia ended the Thirty Years’ War and marked the beginning of the modern state system.
5. Which theory emphasizes the role of international institutions and interdependence?
A. Neorealism
B. Marxism
C. Neoliberalism
D. Feminism
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: Neoliberal institutionalism stresses cooperation through institutions even under anarchy.
6. “Theory is always for someone and for some purpose” was stated by:
A. Wallerstein
B. Robert Cox
C. Waltz
D. Nye
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Cox’s Critical Theory highlights that theories reflect political purposes and power relations.
7. The main unit of analysis for Realists is:
A. International organizations
B. Non-state actors
C. The sovereign state
D. Transnational corporations
✅ Answer: C
8. The core assumption of Realism is:
A. Human nature is cooperative
B. Power and national interest guide state behavior
C. Global governance reduces conflict
D. Culture defines politics
✅ Answer: B
9. Kenneth Waltz is associated with which theory?
A. Neorealism
B. Constructivism
C. Liberalism
D. Marxism
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Waltz’s Theory of International Politics (1979) developed structural realism (neorealism).
10. The “Balance of Power” principle is central to:
A. Realism
B. Feminism
C. Idealism
D. Constructivism
✅ Answer: A
11. Neorealists argue that states act in a certain way because:
A. Human nature is evil
B. The international system is anarchic
C. They are culturally similar
D. International law compels them
✅ Answer: B
12. Neoliberal institutionalism argues that cooperation occurs through:
A. Force
B. International regimes and institutions
C. Isolation
D. Nationalism
✅ Answer: B
13. Who introduced the concept of “Complex Interdependence”?
A. Nye and Keohane
B. Morgenthau and Waltz
C. Lenin and Marx
D. Huntington and Fukuyama
✅ Answer: A
14. Which theory focuses on ideas, norms, and identity rather than material power?
A. Realism
B. Constructivism
C. Neorealism
D. Marxism
✅ Answer: B
15. Immanuel Wallerstein’s theory of “World System” divides the world into:
A. Rich and Poor
B. Core, Semi-periphery, Periphery
C. East and West
D. North and South
✅ Answer: B
16. Which of the following best describes Idealism?
A. Emphasis on military power
B. Cooperation through law and institutions
C. Anarchy and self-help
D. Economic exploitation
✅ Answer: B
17. Marxist theory of international relations focuses on:
A. National interest
B. Class struggle and economic exploitation
C. Democratic peace
D. Human rights
✅ Answer: B
18. Who is known for the theory of “Offensive Realism”?
A. Keohane
B. Mearsheimer
C. Morgenthau
D. Nye
✅ Answer: B
19. Feminist IR theory criticizes:
A. Marxism
B. Male-centric bias of IR
C. Liberalism
D. Sovereignty
✅ Answer: B
20. Postmodernism in IR focuses on:
A. Objective truth
B. Scientific analysis
C. Language, discourse, and power
D. Economic structure
✅ Answer: C
21. The realist concept of “self-help” means:
A. Relying on UN
B. Relying on own power for survival
C. Forming alliances permanently
D. Isolationism
✅ Answer: B
22. Critical Theory in IR aims to:
A. Maintain status quo
B. Expose domination and promote emancipation
C. Promote realism
D. Justify imperialism
✅ Answer: B
23. “Liberal institutionalism” suggests that:
A. Power politics dominates
B. Institutions reduce uncertainty and foster trust
C. States cannot cooperate
D. War is inevitable
✅ Answer: B
24. According to Realists, the international system is characterized by:
A. Hierarchy
B. Anarchy
C. Equality
D. Integration
✅ Answer: B
25. Feminist scholar Cynthia Enloe focused on:
A. Gender and global militarization
B. Trade and globalization
C. Balance of power
D. Cultural imperialism
✅ Answer: A
🌍 Section 2: Concepts – Power, Sovereignty, Security (26–35)
26. Sovereignty means:
A. Dependence on international law
B. Supreme authority of the state
C. Democratic government
D. Decentralization
✅ Answer: B
27. “Human Security” concept was introduced by:
A. IMF
B. UNDP (1994)
C. WTO
D. NATO
✅ Answer: B
28. Hard power is based on:
A. Culture and diplomacy
B. Military and economic strength
C. Human rights
D. Ethics
✅ Answer: B
29. Soft power is associated with:
A. Hans Morgenthau
B. Joseph Nye
C. Robert Cox
D. Immanuel Kant
✅ Answer: B
30. Which of the following challenges traditional conceptions of security?
A. Balance of Power
B. Human Security
C. Deterrence
D. Nuclear Arms Race
✅ Answer: B
31. The international system is said to be “anarchic” because:
A. There are no laws
B. There is no world government
C. States are not equal
D. Treaties are not binding
✅ Answer: B
32. Non-state actors include:
A. States only
B. Multinational corporations, NGOs, terrorist groups
C. Governments only
D. Militaries
✅ Answer: B
33. The modern nation-state system originated with:
A. The Congress of Vienna
B. Treaty of Westphalia (1648)
C. World War I
D. The UN Charter
✅ Answer: B
34. The most important actor in international politics, according to Realists, is:
A. UN
B. State
C. NGO
D. Individual
✅ Answer: B
35. “Smart Power” refers to:
A. Technology in warfare
B. Combination of hard and soft power
C. Use of cyber tools
D. Smart diplomacy only
✅ Answer: B
⚔️ Section 3: Conflict, Peace & Security (36–45)
36. The concept of “Deterrence” gained prominence during:
A. Cold War
B. World War I
C. World War II
D. Gulf War
✅ Answer: A
37. MAD (Mutually Assured Destruction) refers to:
A. Economic competition
B. Nuclear deterrence between superpowers
C. Arms control
D. Trade sanctions
✅ Answer: B
38. Which of the following is a non-traditional security threat?
A. Territorial invasion
B. Climate change
C. Nuclear war
D. Arms race
✅ Answer: B
39. “Conflict Transformation” aims to:
A. Win wars
B. Change root causes of conflict
C. Create balance of power
D. Maintain arms race
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Johan Galtung’s idea – transform structures that generate conflict.
40. The NPT (1968) seeks to:
A. Promote nuclear energy
B. Prevent spread of nuclear weapons
C. Increase nuclear arms
D. End alliances
✅ Answer: B
41. CTBT stands for:
A. Comprehensive Trade Ban Treaty
B. Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty
C. Chemical Terrorism Ban Treaty
D. Convention on Trade and Borders Treaty
✅ Answer: B
42. Peacekeeping forces operate under:
A. WTO
B. IMF
C. UN
D. NATO only
✅ Answer: C
43. The UN Secretary-General acts as:
A. Military leader
B. Diplomatic and administrative head
C. Commander-in-chief
D. Judge of ICJ
✅ Answer: B
44. The concept of “Collective Security” is based on:
A. Deterrence
B. Power balancing
C. Cooperation for mutual protection
D. Economic dependence
✅ Answer: C
45. Humanitarian intervention means:
A. Helping people through military or non-military means to prevent atrocities
B. Trade liberalization
C. Religious mission
D. Colonization
✅ Answer: A
🕊️ Section 4: United Nations, International Law, and ICC (46–55)
46. The United Nations was established in:
A. 1919
B. 1945
C. 1950
D. 1960
✅ Answer: B
47. The primary responsibility of maintaining peace and security lies with:
A. General Assembly
B. Security Council
C. ECOSOC
D. Trusteeship Council
✅ Answer: B
48. Permanent members of UN Security Council (P5) include:
A. US, UK, Russia, France, China
B. US, India, Germany, Japan, China
C. US, France, Italy, China, Canada
D. UK, India, Brazil, Russia, US
✅ Answer: A
49. The ICJ is located in:
A. Geneva
B. The Hague
C. New York
D. London
✅ Answer: B
50. The International Criminal Court (ICC) was established by:
A. Rome Statute, 2002
B. Geneva Convention, 1949
C. Vienna Treaty, 1969
D. Paris Agreement, 2015
✅ Answer: A
51. The principal judicial organ of the UN is:
A. ICC
B. ICJ
C. Security Council
D. ECOSOC
✅ Answer: B
52. ECOSOC deals with:
A. Security
B. Economic and social development
C. Judicial issues
D. Peacekeeping
✅ Answer: B
53. The UNDP works for:
A. Peacekeeping
B. Economic and human development
C. Refugee protection
D. Trade liberalization
✅ Answer: B
54. The “Veto power” is exercised by:
A. All UN members
B. P5 members of the Security Council
C. General Assembly
D. ICJ
✅ Answer: B
55. Human rights are protected globally by:
A. UDHR (1948)
B. NATO
C. GATT
D. WTO
✅ Answer: A
💰 Section 5: Global Political Economy & Regionalism (56–65)
56. The IMF and World Bank were established under:
A. Washington Treaty
B. Bretton Woods Agreement (1944)
C. Paris Accord
D. Kyoto Protocol
✅ Answer: B
57. The WTO replaced:
A. IMF
B. GATT
C. League of Nations
D. UNCTAD
✅ Answer: B
58. The NIEO (New International Economic Order) was demanded by:
A. Developed nations
B. Developing nations (Global South)
C. Western Europe
D. BRICS only
✅ Answer: B
59. G-20 is primarily concerned with:
A. Global security
B. Global economic cooperation
C. Climate change only
D. Military alliances
✅ Answer: B
60. BRICS includes:
A. Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa
B. Belgium, Romania, Iran, Chile, Spain
C. Bangladesh, Rwanda, Indonesia, Cuba, Sudan
D. Britain, Russia, Italy, Canada, Spain
✅ Answer: A
61. The European Union’s common currency is called:
A. Franc
B. Euro
C. Pound
D. Mark
✅ Answer: B
62. ASEAN was formed to promote:
A. Regional integration in Southeast Asia
B. Military alliance
C. Trade with Africa
D. Western domination
✅ Answer: A
63. The African Union (AU) succeeded:
A. League of Nations
B. OAU (Organization of African Unity)
C. ECOWAS
D. COMESA
✅ Answer: B
64. The SCO (Shanghai Cooperation Organisation) focuses on:
A. Security and regional stability
B. Trade disputes
C. Religious dialogue
D. Human rights
✅ Answer: A
65. Globalization increases:
A. Isolation
B. Interdependence
C. Sovereignty
D. Autarky
✅ Answer: B
🌏 Section 6: Contemporary Global Challenges (66–70)
66. The Kyoto Protocol deals with:
A. Nuclear disarmament
B. Climate change
C. Refugee protection
D. Trade disputes
✅ Answer: B
67. The Paris Agreement (2015) focuses on:
A. Terrorism
B. Global temperature control and climate cooperation
C. Nuclear arms reduction
D. Refugee migration
✅ Answer: B
68. The UNHCR works for:
A. Child welfare
B. Refugee protection
C. Women’s rights
D. Trade promotion
✅ Answer: B
69. The concept of “Clash of Civilizations” was given by:
A. Huntington
B. Fukuyama
C. Marx
D. Wallerstein
✅ Answer: A
70. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development contains:
A. 5 goals
B. 17 goals
C. 12 goals
D. 25 goals
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: UN adopted 17 SDGs in 2015 to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure peace.