🧩 Section 1: Nature & Approaches (1–15)
1. The institutional approach in comparative politics primarily studies:
A. Political culture
B. Political institutions and their structures
C. Economic systems
D. Political economy
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: It focuses on formal institutions like constitutions, legislatures, and executives.
2. Who is associated with the concept of “Civic Culture”?
A. Almond and Verba
B. Easton and Deutsch
C. Dahl and Lijphart
D. Lipset and Huntington
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Gabriel Almond and Sidney Verba’s The Civic Culture (1963) is foundational to political culture studies.
3. “Most Similar Systems Design” is a method used in:
A. Historical analysis
B. Comparative politics
C. Political philosophy
D. Public administration
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: It compares countries that are similar in most respects but differ in one key variable.
4. The New Institutionalism emphasizes:
A. Only legal institutions
B. Formal and informal rules shaping behavior
C. Culture alone
D. Economic class
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: New institutionalism studies how rules, norms, and culture influence decisions.
5. Who among the following is associated with “Historical Institutionalism”?
A. March and Olsen
B. Wallerstein
C. Frank
D. Lipset
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: James March and Johan Olsen developed the new institutionalism framework.
6. The behavioral revolution in political science began in the:
A. 1930s
B. 1950s
C. 1970s
D. 1980s
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: The 1950s saw the behavioral revolution emphasizing empirical and scientific study of politics.
7. Political economy approach was deeply influenced by:
A. Marxist theory
B. Liberalism
C. Structural functionalism
D. Postmodernism
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Political economy approach studies how economic structures shape politics — a Marxist perspective.
8. “Post-behavioral revolution” in political science emphasized:
A. Empirical data
B. Values and relevance
C. Legal institutions
D. Quantitative methods
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: It sought a balance between value-free study and practical relevance.
9. Which approach focuses on political values, attitudes, and beliefs of citizens?
A. Political culture approach
B. Institutional approach
C. Structural-functional approach
D. Rational choice approach
✅ Answer: A
10. Structural-functionalism was developed by:
A. Easton and Almond
B. Weber and Marx
C. Mill and Locke
D. Rawls and Nozick
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Almond and Easton used the structural-functional approach to analyze political systems.
11. The comparative method seeks to:
A. Develop universal laws of politics
B. Study a single system
C. Study political thought
D. Focus on ethics
✅ Answer: A
12. Political modernization theory belongs to:
A. Structuralism
B. Developmentalism
C. Feminism
D. Post-structuralism
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Modernization theorists viewed political development as a process toward Western liberal democracy.
13. Almond described the political system as:
A. Closed and rigid
B. Adaptive and open
C. Fixed and linear
D. Traditional and limited
✅ Answer: B
14. Rational choice institutionalism is based on:
A. Cultural beliefs
B. Historical legacies
C. Cost-benefit decision-making
D. Moral values
✅ Answer: C
15. Comparative politics became a distinct discipline after:
A. WWII
B. WWI
C. Cold War
D. 1990s globalization
✅ Answer: A
🌍 Section 2: Colonialism, Nationalism, and Decolonization (16–25)
16. Settler colonialism involves:
A. Economic exploitation without migration
B. Permanent settlement of colonizers
C. Cultural domination only
D. Religious mission
✅ Answer: B
17. “Neo-colonialism” refers to:
A. Direct political rule
B. Economic and cultural domination after independence
C. Pre-colonial influence
D. Feudal dependence
✅ Answer: B
18. Who wrote The Wretched of the Earth, analyzing decolonization and violence?
A. Fanon
B. Nkrumah
C. Lenin
D. Gandhi
✅ Answer: A
19. Kwame Nkrumah’s “Neo-colonialism” concept relates to:
A. Political nationalism
B. Economic dependence
C. Military expansion
D. Cultural alienation
✅ Answer: B
20. Anti-colonial nationalism in Asia and Africa was largely:
A. Liberal
B. Anti-imperialist
C. Socialist only
D. Reactionary
✅ Answer: B
21. Rabindranath Tagore criticized nationalism as:
A. Necessary for unity
B. Mechanical and soulless
C. Spiritual and divine
D. Liberal and Western
✅ Answer: B
22. “Pan-Africanism” was led by:
A. Nyerere
B. Nkrumah
C. Senghor
D. Fanon
✅ Answer: B
23. European nationalism emerged with:
A. Feudalism
B. Industrial Revolution and French Revolution
C. Globalization
D. Renaissance
✅ Answer: B
24. Non-European nationalism was mainly:
A. Expansionist
B. Anti-colonial
C. Isolationist
D. Theocratic
✅ Answer: B
25. Post-colonial states face which of the following challenges?
A. Nation-building
B. Political stability
C. Development and dependency
D. All of the above
✅ Answer: D
🏛 Section 3: State Theory (26–35)
26. According to Marx, the state is:
A. Neutral arbiter
B. Instrument of class domination
C. Representative of general will
D. Product of divine law
✅ Answer: B
27. The Miliband–Poulantzas debate is about:
A. Nature of capitalist state
B. Bureaucratic structure
C. Socialist revolutions
D. Neo-colonialism
✅ Answer: A
28. Poulantzas represented which Marxist school?
A. Instrumentalist
B. Structuralist
C. Revisionist
D. Leninist
✅ Answer: B
29. In a welfare state, the government ensures:
A. Market freedom only
B. Social and economic justice
C. Privatization
D. Minimal intervention
✅ Answer: B
30. “Post-colonial state” is characterized by:
A. Economic independence
B. Weak institutions and dependency
C. Mature democracy
D. Industrialization
✅ Answer: B
31. Globalization challenges the state by:
A. Increasing sovereignty
B. Reducing economic control
C. Removing international law
D. Abolishing borders
✅ Answer: B
32. The “Withering away of the State” is a concept in:
A. Marxism
B. Liberalism
C. Realism
D. Fascism
✅ Answer: A
33. Welfare state concept gained prominence after:
A. WWI
B. WWII
C. Cold War
D. Great Depression
✅ Answer: B
34. The post-colonial state is often described as:
A. Democratic and self-reliant
B. Authoritarian and dependent
C. Communist
D. Decentralized
✅ Answer: B
35. “Embedded autonomy” of the state is a concept by:
A. Evans
B. Poulantzas
C. Alavi
D. Wallerstein
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Peter Evans described the developmental state as “embedded yet autonomous.”
⚖️ Section 4: Political Regimes and Constitutions (36–45)
36. Which of the following is a liberal democracy?
A. China
B. North Korea
C. UK
D. Iran
✅ Answer: C
37. “Majoritarian democracy” often leads to:
A. Inclusion of minorities
B. Minority exclusion
C. Consensus politics
D. Coalition politics
✅ Answer: B
38. Patrimonialism refers to:
A. Rule based on bureaucratic norms
B. Rule based on personal loyalty
C. Rule of law
D. Rule by consensus
✅ Answer: B
39. Bureaucratic authoritarian regimes combine:
A. Bureaucrats and technocrats with military
B. Peasants and workers
C. Civil society and NGOs
D. Religion and democracy
✅ Answer: A
40. Totalitarian regimes seek control over:
A. Economy only
B. Political opposition only
C. Entire society and thought
D. Media only
✅ Answer: C
41. Fascism promotes:
A. Individual liberty
B. Extreme nationalism and dictatorship
C. Class equality
D. Pacifism
✅ Answer: B
42. Liberal constitutionalism emphasizes:
A. Unlimited government
B. Concentration of power
C. Rule of law and limited government
D. Party control
✅ Answer: C
43. “Crisis of constitutionalism” arises when:
A. Emergency powers are abused
B. Judiciary is independent
C. Constitution is amended
D. Citizens obey law
✅ Answer: A
44. Judicial independence means:
A. Judges appointed by public
B. Courts free from political interference
C. Executive controls judiciary
D. Parliament decides judgments
✅ Answer: B
45. Example of a participatory democracy:
A. Saudi Arabia
B. Switzerland
C. China
D. Russia
✅ Answer: B
🗳 Section 5: Democratization & Development (46–60)
46. Democratization means:
A. Rise of dictatorship
B. Spread and consolidation of democracy
C. Fall of liberalism
D. Industrialization
✅ Answer: B
47. “Third Wave of Democracy” was described by:
A. Huntington
B. Dahl
C. Lipset
D. O’Donnell
✅ Answer: A
48. Democratic transition often results from:
A. Military coup
B. Authoritarian rule
C. Mass mobilization or elite pact
D. Economic stagnation
✅ Answer: C
49. Democratic consolidation means:
A. First election
B. Institutionalization of democracy
C. Coup
D. Emergency
✅ Answer: B
50. According to Lipset, democracy is likely to sustain when:
A. Economy is strong and middle class is large
B. Society is poor
C. Religion dominates
D. Inequality rises
✅ Answer: A
51. Dependency theory argues:
A. Development depends on global trade
B. Underdevelopment results from global capitalism
C. Developing countries can catch up easily
D. Free market ensures equality
✅ Answer: B
52. World Systems Theory divides the world into:
A. East–West
B. Core, Periphery, Semi-periphery
C. North–South
D. Capitalist–Socialist
✅ Answer: B
53. Rostow’s stages of growth theory belongs to:
A. Modernization school
B. Dependency school
C. Marxism
D. Feminism
✅ Answer: A
54. “Development and Democracy” relationship was proposed by:
A. Lipset
B. Huntington
C. Marx
D. Weber
✅ Answer: A
55. Modernization theory has been criticized for being:
A. Ethnocentric and Western-biased
B. Empirical
C. Revolutionary
D. Marxist
✅ Answer: A
56. Sustainable development emphasizes:
A. Economic growth only
B. Growth with environmental protection
C. Industrialization at any cost
D. Privatization
✅ Answer: B
57. Neo-liberal development stresses:
A. State control
B. Market liberalization and privatization
C. Socialist planning
D. Isolationism
✅ Answer: B
58. Underdevelopment, according to Andre Gunder Frank, is:
A. Historical accident
B. Created by global capitalism
C. Natural state
D. Irreversible
✅ Answer: B
59. Immanuel Wallerstein’s “World System” is a type of:
A. Marxist theory
B. Liberal theory
C. Nationalist theory
D. Feminist theory
✅ Answer: A
60. Post-development thinkers criticize:
A. Growth-centered development
B. Environment protection
C. Cultural diversity
D. Democracy
✅ Answer: A
⚙️ Section 6: Power, Actors, and Processes (61–70)
61. The “Power Elite” theory was proposed by:
A. C. Wright Mills
B. Robert Dahl
C. Pareto
D. Mosca
✅ Answer: A
62. Democratic elitism was explained by:
A. Schumpeter
B. Mill
C. Marx
D. Weber
✅ Answer: A
63. “Circulation of elites” theory was proposed by:
A. Pareto
B. Mosca
C. Dahl
D. Mills
✅ Answer: A
64. Electoral systems convert:
A. Votes into seats
B. Laws into policies
C. Parties into ideology
D. Movements into revolutions
✅ Answer: A
65. “First-Past-the-Post” (FPTP) system favors:
A. Multi-party system
B. Two-party system
C. Coalition governments
D. PR system
✅ Answer: B
66. Proportional representation system ensures:
A. Wasted votes
B. Fair party representation
C. One-party rule
D. Majoritarianism
✅ Answer: B
67. Interest groups differ from parties because they:
A. Seek power directly
B. Influence policy without contesting elections
C. Are illegal
D. Focus only on ideology
✅ Answer: B
68. “New social movements” focus on:
A. Class conflict
B. Identity, environment, and rights
C. Nationalism
D. Economic planning
✅ Answer: B
69. Civil society acts as a:
A. Bridge between state and citizen
B. Military organization
C. Bureaucratic institution
D. Private company
✅ Answer: A
70. Which of the following is a revolutionary movement?
A. French Revolution
B. Women’s movement
C. Environmental campaign
D. Green Peace
✅ Answer: A