Q1. Non-Aligned Movement was formally founded at—
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Bandung, 1955
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Belgrade, 1961
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Cairo, 1964
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Havana, 1979
Answer: 2
Explanation: NAM emerged during the Cold War to protect autonomy from military blocs.
Q2. Panchsheel Agreement was signed between India and—
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USA
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USSR
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China
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Sri Lanka
Answer: 3
Explanation: Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence were signed by Nehru & Zhou Enlai in 1954.
Q3. Which country is NOT a member of SAARC?
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India
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China
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Nepal
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Bangladesh
Answer: 2
Explanation: China is not a member; SAARC includes 8 South Asian countries.
Q4. Look East Policy (later Act East Policy) was initiated to strengthen ties with—
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European Union
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ASEAN and East Asia
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Middle East
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South America
Answer: 2
Explanation: Enhances connectivity, trade & strategic partnerships with Asian economies.
Q5. India conducted its first nuclear test in—
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1964
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1974
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1991
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1998
Answer: 2
Explanation: Pokhran-I, codename Smiling Buddha.
Q6. India’s second nuclear test series (Pokhran-II) was conducted in—
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1984
-
1991
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1998
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2000
Answer: 3
Explanation: Tested nuclear capability for strategic deterrence.
Q7. Which principle is NOT a part of Panchsheel?
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Peaceful co-existence
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Mutual respect for territorial integrity
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Non-interference in internal affairs
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Collective security
Answer: 4
Explanation: Collective security is related to the UN system and military alliances.
Q8. India’s nuclear doctrine is based on—
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First Strike
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Massive retaliation without warning
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No First Use
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Limited strike capability only
Answer: 3
Explanation: India maintains NFU with credible minimum deterrence.
Q9. Which of the following organizations includes India, Brazil, Russia, China & South Africa?
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SCO
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BRICS
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QUAD
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ASEAN
Answer: 2
Explanation: BRICS is a major platform for South–South cooperation.
Q10. The QUAD grouping consists of—
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India, China, Japan, USA
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India, Russia, Japan, USA
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India, USA, Japan, Australia
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India, UK, USA, Japan
Answer: 3
Explanation: QUAD focuses on Indo-Pacific strategic cooperation.
Assertion – Reason
Q11
Assertion (A): Non-Alignment allowed India to preserve strategic autonomy during the Cold War.
Reason (R): India refused to join military alliances like NATO & SEATO.
Answer: A & R both true, R explains A
Q12
Assertion (A): India’s foreign policy increasingly focuses on economic diplomacy.
Reason (R): Globalization has linked economic growth to international partnerships.
Answer: A & R both true, R explains A
Match the Following
Q13
| List I | List II |
|---|---|
| A. Nehru | 1. Non-Alignment |
| B. Manmohan Singh | 2. Economic diplomacy |
| C. Modi |
3. Act East & Neighbourhood First |
| D. Vajpayee | 4. Nuclear Tests – 1998 |
Answer: A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
Q14
| List I (Organization) | List II |
|---|---|
| A. BIMSTEC | 1. Bay of Bengal cooperation |
| B. SCO |
2. Eurasian security cooperation |
| C. Quad | 3. Indo-Pacific coalition |
| D. BRICS | 4. Emerging economies |
Answer: A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
Short Notes
1. Determinants of India’s Foreign Policy
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Geography — Himalayas, Indian Ocean region
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History — colonial experience
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Leadership — Nehru, Indira, Vajpayee, Modi etc.
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Economic priorities
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Security concerns — China, Pakistan, terrorism
2. Key Principles
| Principle | Description |
|---|---|
| Non-alignment | Autonomy from power blocs |
| Panchsheel |
Peaceful coexistence |
| Peace & diplomacy | Dialogue over conflict |
| Strategic autonomy |
Independent decision-making |
3. Major Foreign Policy Doctrines
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Indira Doctrine
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Gujral Doctrine
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Act East
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Neighbourhood First
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Indian Ocean Strategy & SAGAR vision
4. India & Major Powers
| Country | Nature of Relations |
|---|---|
| USA | Strategic & technological partner |
| Russia |
Defence cooperation |
| China |
Cooperation + rivalry |
| Japan | Economic & Indo-Pacific partner |
5. India & Regional Cooperation
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BRICS, SCO, QUAD, BIMSTEC, SAARC, ASEAN
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Promotes multipolarity & regional stability
6. Soft Power
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Culture, Yoga, Bollywood, Diaspora diplomacy